Map

Track Data

SID SEASON NUMBER BASIN SUBBASIN NAME ISO_TIME NATURE LAT LON WMO_WIND WMO_PRES WMO_AGENCY TRACK_TYPE DIST2LAND LANDFALL IFLAG USA_AGENCY USA_ATCF_ID USA_LAT USA_LON USA_RECORD USA_STATUS USA_WIND USA_PRES USA_SSHS USA_R34_NE USA_R34_SE USA_R34_SW USA_R34_NW USA_R50_NE USA_R50_SE USA_R50_SW USA_R50_NW USA_R64_NE USA_R64_SE USA_R64_SW USA_R64_NW USA_POCI USA_ROCI USA_RMW USA_EYE TOKYO_LAT TOKYO_LON TOKYO_GRADE TOKYO_WIND TOKYO_PRES TOKYO_R50_DIR TOKYO_R50_LONG TOKYO_R50_SHORT TOKYO_R30_DIR TOKYO_R30_LONG TOKYO_R30_SHORT TOKYO_LAND CMA_LAT CMA_LON CMA_CAT CMA_WIND CMA_PRES HKO_LAT HKO_LON HKO_CAT HKO_WIND HKO_PRES NEWDELHI_LAT NEWDELHI_LON NEWDELHI_GRADE NEWDELHI_WIND NEWDELHI_PRES NEWDELHI_CI NEWDELHI_DP NEWDELHI_POCI REUNION_LAT REUNION_LON REUNION_TYPE REUNION_WIND REUNION_PRES REUNION_TNUM REUNION_CI REUNION_RMW REUNION_R34_NE REUNION_R34_SE REUNION_R34_SW REUNION_R34_NW REUNION_R50_NE REUNION_R50_SE REUNION_R50_SW REUNION_R50_NW REUNION_R64_NE REUNION_R64_SE REUNION_R64_SW REUNION_R64_NW BOM_LAT BOM_LON BOM_TYPE BOM_WIND BOM_PRES BOM_TNUM BOM_CI BOM_RMW BOM_R34_NE BOM_R34_SE BOM_R34_SW BOM_R34_NW BOM_R50_NE BOM_R50_SE BOM_R50_SW BOM_R50_NW BOM_R64_NE BOM_R64_SE BOM_R64_SW BOM_R64_NW BOM_ROCI BOM_POCI BOM_EYE BOM_POS_METHOD BOM_PRES_METHOD NADI_LAT NADI_LON NADI_CAT NADI_WIND NADI_PRES WELLINGTON_LAT WELLINGTON_LON WELLINGTON_WIND WELLINGTON_PRES DS824_LAT DS824_LON DS824_STAGE DS824_WIND DS824_PRES TD9636_LAT TD9636_LON TD9636_STAGE TD9636_WIND TD9636_PRES TD9635_LAT TD9635_LON TD9635_WIND TD9635_PRES TD9635_ROCI NEUMANN_LAT NEUMANN_LON NEUMANN_CLASS NEUMANN_WIND NEUMANN_PRES MLC_LAT MLC_LON MLC_CLASS MLC_WIND MLC_PRES USA_GUST BOM_GUST BOM_GUST_PER REUNION_GUST REUNION_GUST_PER USA_SEAHGT USA_SEARAD_NE USA_SEARAD_SE USA_SEARAD_SW USA_SEARAD_NW STORM_SPEED STORM_DIR
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-18 01:00:00 NR -15.0000 120.000 bom main 340 301 ______O_______ -5 -15.0000 120.000 10 143
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-18 03:00:00 NR -15.2766 120.215 main 301 247 ______P_______ -5 -15.2766 120.215 10 143
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-18 06:00:00 NR -15.6849 120.535 main 247 195 ______P_______ -5 -15.6849 120.535 10 143
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-18 09:00:00 NR -16.0770 120.844 main 195 69 ______P_______ -5 -16.0770 120.844 16 128
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-18 12:00:00 NR -16.6545 121.848 main 69 0 ______P___O___ -5 -16.4432 121.135 -17.5000 124.700 7 18 121
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-18 15:00:00 NR -17.0201 122.465 main 0 0 ______P___P___ -5 -16.7739 121.400 -17.5124 124.597 7 11 122
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-18 18:00:00 NR -17.2613 122.850 main 0 0 ______P___P___ -5 -17.0599 121.632 -17.5298 124.475 7 7 125
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-18 21:00:00 NR -17.4245 123.069 main 0 0 ______P___P___ -5 -17.2916 121.822 -17.5574 124.316 7 3 168
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-19 00:00:00 TS -17.5154 122.907 main 0 0 ______P__OO___ -5 -17.4597 121.965 -17.4000 121.900 TC 80 965 -17.6000 124.100 7 4 248
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-19 01:00:00 TS -17.5348 122.783 965 bom main 0 0 ______O__PP___ -5 -17.5000 122.000 965 4 -17.4375 121.892 TC -17.6183 124.013 7 5 255
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-19 03:00:00 TS -17.5833 122.645 main 0 0 ______P__PP___ -5 -17.5589 122.052 965 -17.5125 121.875 TC -17.6607 123.816 7 4 247
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-19 06:00:00 TS -17.6638 122.472 main 0 0 ______P__PP___ -5 -17.6312 122.092 965 -17.6250 121.850 TC -17.7351 123.475 7 3 239
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-19 08:00:00 TS -17.7297 122.387 bom main 0 0 ______I__PP___ -5 -17.7000 122.100 965 -17.7000 121.834 TC -17.7892 123.226 7 3 230
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-19 09:00:00 TS -17.7678 122.341 main 0 0 ______P__PP___ -5 -17.7490 122.102 965 -17.7375 121.825 TC -17.8169 123.097 7 4 230
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-19 10:00:00 TS -17.8066 122.294 965 bom main 0 0 ______O__PP___ -5 -17.8000 122.100 965 -17.7750 121.817 TC -17.8447 122.966 7 4 231
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-19 12:00:00 TS -17.8799 122.197 main 0 0 ______P__PO___ -5 -17.8896 122.090 -17.8500 121.800 TC -17.9000 122.700 7 4 235
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-19 15:00:00 TS -17.9793 122.039 main 21 21 ______P__PP___ -5 -18.0043 122.051 -17.9625 121.775 TC -17.9711 122.290 7 4 238
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-19 18:00:00 TS -18.0731 121.867 main 30 30 ______P__PP___ -5 -18.1015 121.982 -18.0750 121.750 TC -18.0428 121.870 7 4 241
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-19 21:00:00 TS -18.1647 121.691 main 30 30 ______P__PP___ -5 -18.1884 121.883 -18.1875 121.725 TC -18.1181 121.465 7 4 241
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-20 00:00:00 TS -18.2573 121.517 main 38 38 ______P__OO___ -5 -18.2718 121.751 -18.3000 121.700 TC -18.2000 121.100 7 4 243
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-20 01:00:00 TS -18.2874 121.439 bom main 46 46 ______O__PP___ -5 -18.3000 121.700 -18.3337 121.621 TC -18.2286 120.996 7 5 247
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-20 03:00:00 TS -18.3492 121.286 main 53 47 ______P__PP___ -5 -18.3583 121.587 -18.4010 121.464 TC -18.2883 120.807 7 5 246
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-20 06:00:00 TS -18.4454 121.058 main 67 74 ______P__PP___ -5 -18.4499 121.391 -18.5018 121.227 TC -18.3844 120.555 7 5 246
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-20 09:00:00 TS -18.5455 120.828 main 95 92 ______P__PP___ -5 -18.5460 121.169 -18.6022 120.990 TC -18.4884 120.325 7 5 245
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-20 12:00:00 TS -18.6494 120.592 main 107 99 ______P__PO___ -5 -18.6457 120.923 -18.7024 120.752 TC -18.6000 120.100 7 5 245
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-20 15:00:00 TS -18.7602 120.336 main 109 109 ______P__PP___ -5 -18.7482 120.660 -18.8023 120.515 TC -18.7300 119.834 7 6 246
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-20 18:00:00 TS -18.8706 120.058 main 109 109 ______P__PP___ -5 -18.8527 120.381 -18.9018 120.277 TC -18.8651 119.570 7 6 249
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-20 21:00:00 TS -18.9831 119.738 main 112 102 ______P__PP___ -5 -18.9584 120.093 -19.0011 120.038 TC -18.9926 119.321 7 7 251
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-21 00:00:00 TS -19.0899 119.400 main 109 109 ______P__OO___ -5 -19.0646 119.799 -19.1000 119.800 TC -19.1000 119.100 7 8 256
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-21 01:00:00 NR -19.1203 119.168 bom main 111 101 ______O___P___ -5 -19.1000 119.700 TC -19.1254 119.035 7 9 260
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-21 03:00:00 NR -19.1673 118.917 main 102 102 __________P___ -5 TC -19.1673 118.917 7 5 256
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-21 06:00:00 NR -19.2148 118.762 main 105 103 __________P___ -5 TC -19.2148 118.762 7 3 252
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-21 09:00:00 NR -19.2549 118.626 main 103 103 __________P___ -5 TC -19.2549 118.626 7 3 251
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-21 12:00:00 NR -19.3000 118.500 main 109 107 __________O___ -5 TC -19.3000 118.500 7 3 245
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-21 15:00:00 NR -19.3677 118.372 main 107 107 __________P___ -5 TC -19.3677 118.372 7 3 239
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-21 18:00:00 NR -19.4424 118.250 main 111 100 __________P___ -5 TC -19.4424 118.250 7 3 236
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-21 21:00:00 NR -19.5209 118.128 main 100 89 __________P___ -5 TC -19.5209 118.128 7 3 236
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-22 00:00:00 NR -19.6000 118.000 main 90 81 __________O___ -5 -19.6000 118.000 7 3 238
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-22 03:00:00 NR -19.6791 117.857 main 81 79 __________P___ -5 -19.6791 117.857 7 3 240
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-22 06:00:00 NR -19.7575 117.708 main 79 79 __________P___ -5 -19.7575 117.708 7 3 242
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-22 09:00:00 NR -19.8322 117.554 main 84 79 __________P___ -5 -19.8322 117.554 7 3 244
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-22 12:00:00 NR -19.9000 117.400 main 85 85 __________O___ -5 -19.9000 117.400 7 3 251
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-22 15:00:00 NR -19.9203 117.282 main 90 88 __________P___ -5 -19.9203 117.282 7 2 260
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-22 18:00:00 NR -19.9395 117.159 main 88 70 __________P___ -5 -19.9395 117.159 7 3 255
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-22 21:00:00 NR -19.9890 117.007 main 70 55 __________P___ -5 -19.9890 117.007 7 4 245
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-23 00:00:00 NR -20.1000 116.800 main 55 35 __________O___ -5 -20.1000 116.800 7 6 235
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-23 03:00:00 NR -20.3147 116.504 main 39 33 __________P___ -5 -20.3147 116.504 7 8 231
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-23 06:00:00 NR -20.5904 116.153 main 33 24 __________P___ -5 -20.5904 116.153 7 9 230
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-23 09:00:00 NR -20.8959 115.776 main 24 23 __________P___ -5 -20.8959 115.776 7 9 229
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-23 12:00:00 NR -21.2000 115.400 main 30 22 __________O___ -5 -21.2000 115.400 7 8 230
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-23 15:00:00 NR -21.4281 115.095 main 24 10 __________P___ -5 -21.4281 115.095 7 7 231
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-23 18:00:00 NR -21.6540 114.793 main 10 0 __________P___ -5 -21.6540 114.793 7 8 231
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-23 21:00:00 NR -21.9029 114.469 main 10 0 __________P___ -5 -21.9029 114.469 7 8 230
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-24 00:00:00 NR -22.2000 114.100 main 0 0 __________O___ -5 -22.2000 114.100 7 10 229
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-24 03:00:00 NR -22.5628 113.646 main 0 0 __________P___ -5 -22.5628 113.646 7 12 229
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-24 06:00:00 NR -22.9755 113.145 main 68 68 __________P___ -5 -22.9755 113.145 7 13 228
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-24 09:00:00 NR -23.4253 112.621 main 107 101 __________P___ -5 -23.4253 112.621 7 13 226
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-24 12:00:00 NR -23.9000 112.100 main 142 142 __________O___ -5 -23.9000 112.100 7 13 229
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-24 15:00:00 NR -24.2899 111.541 main 192 192 __________P___ -5 -24.2899 111.541 7 13 231
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-24 18:00:00 NR -24.7139 111.001 main 244 244 __________P___ -5 -24.7139 111.001 7 13 224
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-24 21:00:00 NR -25.2307 110.536 main 296 294 __________P___ -5 -25.2307 110.536 7 14 211
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-25 00:00:00 NR -25.9000 110.200 main 310 309 __________O___ -5 -25.9000 110.200 7 17 197
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-25 03:00:00 NR -26.8269 109.980 main 332 334 __________P___ -5 -26.8269 109.980 7 20 188
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-25 06:00:00 NR -27.9004 109.904 main 380 385 __________P___ -5 -27.9004 109.904 7 22 0
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-25 09:00:00 NR -29.0239 109.975 main 421 424 __________P___ -5 -29.0239 109.975 7 22 173
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-25 12:00:00 NR -30.1000 110.200 main 447 449 __________O___ -5 -30.1000 110.200 7 20 169
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-25 15:00:00 NR -31.0003 110.426 main 451 430 __________P___ -5 -31.0003 110.426 7 18 163
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-25 18:00:00 NR -31.8375 110.819 main 433 352 __________P___ -5 -31.8375 110.819 7 18 152
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-25 21:00:00 NR -32.6314 111.427 main 352 250 __________P___ -5 -32.6314 111.427 7 20 141
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-26 00:00:00 NR -33.4000 112.300 main 250 138 __________O___ -5 -33.4000 112.300 7 23 133
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-26 03:00:00 NR -34.2033 113.475 main 138 57 __________P___ -5 -34.2033 113.475 7 27 126
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-26 06:00:00 NR -34.9688 114.919 main 69 57 __________P___ -5 -34.9688 114.919 7 29 120
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-26 09:00:00 NR -35.6737 116.530 main 67 66 __________P___ -5 -35.6737 116.530 7 30 117
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-26 12:00:00 NR -36.3000 118.200 main 134 136 __________O___ -5 -36.3000 118.200 7 29 114
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-26 15:00:00 NR -36.8322 119.813 main 246 260 __________P___ -5 -36.8322 119.813 7 28 111
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-26 18:00:00 NR -37.2895 121.449 main 360 364 __________P___ -5 -37.2895 121.449 7 27 109
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-26 21:00:00 NR -37.7015 123.059 main 412 412 __________P___ -5 -37.7015 123.059 7 26 108
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-27 00:00:00 NR -38.1000 124.600 main 473 476 __________O___ -5 -38.1000 124.600 7 25 110
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-27 03:00:00 NR -38.5434 126.030 main 559 572 __________P___ -5 -38.5434 126.030 7 23 112
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-27 06:00:00 NR -38.9834 127.387 main 666 670 __________P___ -5 -38.9834 127.387 7 22 113
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-27 09:00:00 NR -39.4071 128.701 main 767 715 __________P___ -5 -39.4071 128.701 7 22 112
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-27 12:00:00 NR -39.8000 130.000 main 715 648 __________O___ -5 -39.8000 130.000 7 22 110
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-27 15:00:00 NR -40.1698 131.429 main 649 595 __________P___ -5 -40.1698 131.429 7 23 108
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-27 18:00:00 NR -40.5007 132.836 main 595 566 __________P___ -5 -40.5007 132.836 7 22 106
1910322S15120 1911 53 SI WA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-27 21:00:00 NR -40.7806 134.150 main 569 554 __________P___ -5 -40.7806 134.150 7 19 105
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-28 00:00:00 NR -41.0000 135.300 main 556 505 __________O___ -5 -41.0000 135.300 7 16 104
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-28 03:00:00 NR -41.1565 136.199 main 513 479 __________P___ -5 -41.1565 136.199 7 13 102
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-28 06:00:00 NR -41.2638 136.929 main 482 447 __________P___ -5 -41.2638 136.929 7 10 100
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-28 09:00:00 NR -41.3398 137.569 main 447 430 __________P___ -5 -41.3398 137.569 7 10 98
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-28 12:00:00 NR -41.4000 138.200 main 430 400 __________O___ -5 -41.4000 138.200 7 11 97
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-28 15:00:00 NR -41.4740 139.016 main 400 370 __________P___ -5 -41.4740 139.016 7 12 96
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-28 18:00:00 NR -41.5324 139.827 main 370 339 __________P___ -5 -41.5324 139.827 7 12 95
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-28 21:00:00 NR -41.5743 140.575 main 339 290 __________P___ -5 -41.5743 140.575 7 10 94
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-29 00:00:00 NR -41.6000 141.200 main 290 258 __________O___ -5 -41.6000 141.200 7 8 93
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-29 03:00:00 NR -41.6153 141.622 main 258 233 __________P___ -5 -41.6153 141.622 7 5 92
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-29 06:00:00 NR -41.6187 141.920 main 233 208 __________P___ -5 -41.6187 141.920 7 4 90
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-29 09:00:00 NR -41.6130 142.159 main 208 192 __________P___ -5 -41.6130 142.159 7 4 87
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-29 12:00:00 NR -41.6000 142.400 main 192 167 __________O___ -5 -41.6000 142.400 7 4 85
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-29 15:00:00 NR -41.5812 142.693 main 167 142 __________P___ -5 -41.5812 142.693 7 5 85
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-29 18:00:00 NR -41.5576 143.035 main 142 108 __________P___ -5 -41.5576 143.035 7 5 85
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-29 21:00:00 NR -41.5302 143.410 main 108 75 __________P___ -5 -41.5302 143.410 7 6 84
1910322S15120 1911 53 SP EA NOT_NAMED 1910-11-30 00:00:00 NR -41.5000 143.800 main 75 __________O___ -5 -41.5000 143.800 7 6 84

About IBTrACS Database

This database is a web-friendly format of International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS), a global best track data archive curated by NOAA dating back to 1842.

Data provided by NOAA IBTrACS (International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship), accessed on 2024-04-23