地図

地図上への円の描画:

経路データ

SID SEASON NUMBER BASIN SUBBASIN NAME ISO_TIME NATURE LAT LON WMO_WIND WMO_PRES WMO_AGENCY TRACK_TYPE DIST2LAND LANDFALL IFLAG USA_AGENCY USA_ATCF_ID USA_LAT USA_LON USA_RECORD USA_STATUS USA_WIND USA_PRES USA_SSHS USA_R34_NE USA_R34_SE USA_R34_SW USA_R34_NW USA_R50_NE USA_R50_SE USA_R50_SW USA_R50_NW USA_R64_NE USA_R64_SE USA_R64_SW USA_R64_NW USA_POCI USA_ROCI USA_RMW USA_EYE TOKYO_LAT TOKYO_LON TOKYO_GRADE TOKYO_WIND TOKYO_PRES TOKYO_R50_DIR TOKYO_R50_LONG TOKYO_R50_SHORT TOKYO_R30_DIR TOKYO_R30_LONG TOKYO_R30_SHORT TOKYO_LAND CMA_LAT CMA_LON CMA_CAT CMA_WIND CMA_PRES HKO_LAT HKO_LON HKO_CAT HKO_WIND HKO_PRES KMA_LAT KMA_LON KMA_CAT KMA_WIND KMA_PRES KMA_R50_DIR KMA_R50_LONG KMA_R50_SHORT KMA_R30_DIR KMA_R30_LONG KMA_R30_SHORT NEWDELHI_LAT NEWDELHI_LON NEWDELHI_GRADE NEWDELHI_WIND NEWDELHI_PRES NEWDELHI_CI NEWDELHI_DP NEWDELHI_POCI REUNION_LAT REUNION_LON REUNION_TYPE REUNION_WIND REUNION_PRES REUNION_TNUM REUNION_CI REUNION_RMW REUNION_R34_NE REUNION_R34_SE REUNION_R34_SW REUNION_R34_NW REUNION_R50_NE REUNION_R50_SE REUNION_R50_SW REUNION_R50_NW REUNION_R64_NE REUNION_R64_SE REUNION_R64_SW REUNION_R64_NW BOM_LAT BOM_LON BOM_TYPE BOM_WIND BOM_PRES BOM_TNUM BOM_CI BOM_RMW BOM_R34_NE BOM_R34_SE BOM_R34_SW BOM_R34_NW BOM_R50_NE BOM_R50_SE BOM_R50_SW BOM_R50_NW BOM_R64_NE BOM_R64_SE BOM_R64_SW BOM_R64_NW BOM_ROCI BOM_POCI BOM_EYE BOM_POS_METHOD BOM_PRES_METHOD NADI_LAT NADI_LON NADI_CAT NADI_WIND NADI_PRES WELLINGTON_LAT WELLINGTON_LON WELLINGTON_WIND WELLINGTON_PRES DS824_LAT DS824_LON DS824_STAGE DS824_WIND DS824_PRES TD9636_LAT TD9636_LON TD9636_STAGE TD9636_WIND TD9636_PRES TD9635_LAT TD9635_LON TD9635_WIND TD9635_PRES TD9635_ROCI NEUMANN_LAT NEUMANN_LON NEUMANN_CLASS NEUMANN_WIND NEUMANN_PRES MLC_LAT MLC_LON MLC_CLASS MLC_WIND MLC_PRES USA_GUST BOM_GUST BOM_GUST_PER REUNION_GUST REUNION_GUST_PER USA_SEAHGT USA_SEARAD_NE USA_SEARAD_SE USA_SEARAD_SW USA_SEARAD_NW STORM_SPEED STORM_DIR
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-21 18:00:00 TS 12.6 112.0 1005 tokyo main 271 271 _O_____________ -5 12.6 112.0 2 1005 0 0 0 4 50
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-21 21:00:00 TS 12.7 112.2 main 293 293 _P_____________ -5 12.7 112.2 2 1005 0 0 4 45
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-22 00:00:00 TS 12.9 112.3 1005 tokyo main 303 303 _O_____________ -5 12.9 112.3 2 1005 0 0 0 4 35
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-22 03:00:00 TS 13.1 112.4 main 315 315 _P_____________ -5 13.1 112.4 2 1005 0 0 4 25
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-22 06:00:00 TS 13.3 112.5 1004 tokyo main 328 328 _O_____________ -5 13.3 112.5 2 1004 0 0 0 4 10
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-22 09:00:00 TS 13.5 112.5 main 331 331 _P_____________ -5 13.5 112.5 2 1004 0 0 4 0
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-22 12:00:00 TS 13.7 112.5 1004 tokyo main 336 336 _O_____________ -5 13.7 112.5 2 1004 0 0 0 4 10
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-22 15:00:00 TS 13.9 112.6 main 353 353 _P_____________ -5 13.9 112.6 2 1004 0 0 4 15
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-22 18:00:00 TS 14.1 112.6 1004 tokyo main 356 356 _O_____________ -5 14.1 112.6 2 1004 0 0 0 4 0
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-22 21:00:00 TS 14.3 112.6 main 358 348 _P_____________ -5 14.3 112.6 2 1005 0 0 4 345
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-23 00:00:00 TS 14.5 112.5 1006 tokyo main 351 351 _O_____________ -5 14.5 112.5 2 1006 0 0 0 5 355
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-23 03:00:00 TS 14.8 112.5 main 359 359 _P_____________ -5 14.8 112.5 2 1005 0 0 5 0
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-23 06:00:00 TS 15.0 112.5 1004 tokyo main 366 366 _O_____________ -5 15.0 112.5 2 1004 0 0 0 4 355
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-23 09:00:00 TS 15.1 112.5 main 368 359 _P_____________ -5 15.1 112.5 2 1004 0 0 2 335
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-23 12:00:00 TS 15.2 112.4 1004 tokyo main 359 348 _O_____________ -5 15.2 112.4 2 1004 0 0 0 3 310
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-23 15:00:00 TS 15.3 112.3 main 350 339 _P_____________ -5 15.3 112.3 2 1004 0 0 3 315
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-23 18:00:00 MX 15.4 112.2 1004 tokyo main 342 342 _OO____________ -5 15.4 112.2 2 1004 0 0 0 15.6 112.0 0 1004 3 20
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-23 21:00:00 MX 15.5 112.3 main 355 355 _PP____________ -5 15.5 112.4 2 1004 0 0 15.7 112.2 0 1004 4 65
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-24 00:00:00 MX 15.6 112.6 1004 tokyo main 389 389 _OO____________ -5 15.6 112.7 2 1004 0 0 0 15.7 112.4 0 1004 4 65
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-24 03:00:00 MX 15.7 112.7 main 402 402 _PP____________ -5 15.8 112.9 2 1004 0 0 15.7 112.6 0 1004 4 65
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-24 06:00:00 TS 15.8 112.9 1003 tokyo main 419 419 _OO____________ -5 15.9 113.0 2 1003 0 0 0 15.7 112.8 1 23 1003 4 75
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-24 09:00:00 TS 15.8 113.1 main 433 433 _PP____________ -5 15.9 113.2 2 1003 0 0 15.7 113.1 1 23 1003 5 85
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-24 12:00:00 TS 15.9 113.4 1002 tokyo main 446 446 _OO____________ -5 15.9 113.5 2 1002 0 0 0 15.8 113.3 1 23 1002 4 80
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-24 15:00:00 TS 15.9 113.6 main 462 462 _PP____________ -5 15.9 113.7 2 1001 0 0 15.9 113.5 1 23 1002 4 75
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-24 18:00:00 TS 16.0 113.8 1000 tokyo main 469 469 _OO____________ -5 15.9 113.9 2 1000 0 0 0 16.0 113.7 1 23 1001 4 70
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-24 21:00:00 TS 16.0 114.0 main 485 485 _PP____________ -5 16.0 114.1 2 999 0 0 16.1 114.0 1 26 998 5 65
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-25 00:00:00 TS 16.2 114.3 998 tokyo main 497 497 _OO____________ -5 16.1 114.3 2 998 0 0 0 16.2 114.2 1 29 995 5 60
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-25 03:00:00 TS 16.3 114.5 main 508 508 _PP____________ -5 16.2 114.5 2 997 0 0 16.3 114.4 1 34 995 5 55
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-25 06:00:00 TS 16.4 114.7 996 tokyo main 519 514 _OO____________ -5 16.4 114.7 2 996 0 0 0 16.4 114.6 2 38 995 5 55
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-25 09:00:00 TS 16.5 114.8 main 523 494 _PP____________ -5 16.5 114.9 2 996 0 0 16.5 114.8 2 38 995 5 75
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-25 12:00:00 TS 16.5 115.1 996 tokyo main 494 473 OOOO______OOO__ jtwc_wp WP021964 16.1 115.4 35 0 16.7 115.0 2 996 0 0 0 16.7 115.0 2 38 995 16.6 115.3 TD 30 992 16.1 115.4 TC 35 16.1 115.4 2 35 16.1 115.4 35 995 240 5 85
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-25 15:00:00 TS 16.6 115.4 main 463 455 PPPP______PPP__ WP021964 16.3 115.6 38 0 16.8 115.2 2 995 0 0 16.9 115.1 2 38 995 16.7 115.4 TD 33 992 16.3 115.6 TC 38 16.3 115.6 2 38 16.3 115.6 38 994 240 4 55
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-25 18:00:00 TS 16.8 115.5 994 tokyo main 457 446 OOOO______OPO__ jtwc_wp WP021964 16.5 115.7 40 0 17.0 115.3 9 994 0 0 0 17.1 115.2 2 38 995 16.9 115.4 TS 35 991 16.5 115.7 TC 40 16.6 115.7 2 40 16.5 115.7 40 993 240 5 30
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-25 21:00:00 TS 17.0 115.6 main 451 451 PPPP______PPP__ WP021964 16.8 115.8 43 0 17.3 115.4 9 992 0 0 17.4 115.3 2 43 993 17.2 115.4 TS 38 991 16.8 115.8 TC 43 16.8 115.8 2 43 16.8 115.8 43 992 240 6 10
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-26 00:00:00 TS 17.3 115.6 990 tokyo main 460 460 OOOO______OOO__ jtwc_wp WP021964 17.1 115.8 45 0 17.6 115.5 9 990 0 0 0 17.6 115.3 3 48 990 17.5 115.4 TS 40 991 17.1 115.8 TC 45 17.1 115.8 2 45 17.1 115.8 45 990 240 6 350
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-26 03:00:00 TS 17.6 115.5 main 480 480 PPPP______PPP__ WP021964 17.4 115.6 48 0 17.7 115.4 9 990 0 0 17.8 115.3 3 48 990 17.8 115.2 TS 43 990 17.4 115.6 TC 48 17.4 115.7 2 48 17.4 115.6 48 989 240 6 325
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-26 06:00:00 TS 17.8 115.3 990 tokyo main 495 467 OOOO______OPO__ jtwc_wp WP021964 17.7 115.4 50 0 17.8 115.3 9 990 0 0 0 17.9 115.2 3 48 989 18.0 115.0 TS 45 989 17.7 115.4 TC 50 17.7 115.4 2 50 17.7 115.4 50 988 240 6 320
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-26 09:00:00 TS 18.0 115.1 main 467 439 PPPP______PPP__ WP021964 18.0 115.2 53 0 17.9 115.1 9 989 0 0 18.0 115.1 3 48 988 18.2 114.8 TS 48 988 18.0 115.2 TC 53 18.0 115.2 2 53 18.0 115.2 53 987 240 6 320
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-26 12:00:00 TS 18.2 114.9 988 tokyo main 439 407 OOOO______OOO__ jtwc_wp WP021964 18.3 114.9 55 0 18.0 114.9 9 988 0 0 0 18.1 115.0 3 48 987 18.4 114.7 STS 50 986 18.3 114.9 TC 55 18.3 114.9 2 55 18.3 114.9 55 986 240 6 320
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-26 15:00:00 TS 18.5 114.7 main 407 381 PPPP______PPP__ WP021964 18.6 114.7 58 0 18.1 114.7 9 988 0 0 18.3 114.8 3 53 987 18.7 114.5 STS 53 985 18.6 114.7 TC 58 18.6 114.7 2 58 18.6 114.7 58 985 240 6 320
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-26 18:00:00 TS 18.7 114.5 988 tokyo main 381 351 OOOO______OPO__ jtwc_wp WP021964 18.8 114.5 60 0 18.3 114.5 9 988 0 0 0 18.5 114.5 3 58 986 18.9 114.3 STS 55 984 18.8 114.5 TC 60 18.8 114.5 2 60 18.8 114.5 60 984 240 6 325
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-26 21:00:00 TS 19.0 114.3 main 351 326 PPPP______PPP__ WP021964 19.1 114.3 63 0 18.7 114.3 9 987 0 0 18.8 114.3 3 58 984 19.0 114.2 STS 58 983 19.1 114.3 TC 63 19.1 114.4 2 63 19.1 114.3 63 983 210 6 335
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-27 00:00:00 TS 19.3 114.2 985 tokyo main 316 302 OOOO______OOO__ jtwc_wp WP021964 19.3 114.2 65 1 19.2 114.2 9 985 0 0 0 19.2 114.2 3 58 982 19.2 114.1 STS 60 981 19.3 114.2 TC 65 19.3 114.2 3 65 19.3 114.2 65 981 180 5 340
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-27 03:00:00 TS 19.5 114.1 main 291 281 PPPP______PPP__ WP021964 19.4 114.1 68 1 19.5 114.4 9 984 0 0 19.4 114.2 3 63 981 19.6 114.0 STS 60 981 19.4 114.1 TC 68 19.4 114.1 3 66 19.4 114.1 68 981 180 4 350
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-27 06:00:00 TS 19.6 114.1 982 tokyo main 281 256 OOOO______OPO__ jtwc_wp WP021964 19.5 114.0 70 1 19.7 114.5 9 982 0 0 0 19.7 114.3 4 68 980 20.0 114.0 STS 60 980 19.5 114.0 TC 70 19.6 113.9 3 68 19.5 114.0 70 980 180 4 340
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-27 09:00:00 TS 19.9 114.0 main 246 217 PPPP______PPP__ WP021964 19.7 113.9 70 1 19.9 114.3 9 981 0 0 20.0 114.2 4 68 980 20.3 113.9 STS 63 980 19.7 113.9 TC 70 19.7 113.8 3 69 19.7 113.9 70 981 180 6 330
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-27 12:00:00 TS 20.1 113.8 980 tokyo main 217 182 OOOO______OOO__ jtwc_wp WP021964 19.9 113.7 70 1 20.2 114.0 9 980 0 0 0 20.4 114.1 4 68 980 20.6 113.8 T 65 980 19.9 113.7 TC 70 19.9 113.7 4 70 19.9 113.7 70 981 180 7 330
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-27 15:00:00 TS 20.4 113.6 main 178 133 PPPP______PPP__ WP021964 20.2 113.5 68 1 20.6 113.7 9 983 0 0 20.8 113.9 4 63 980 20.9 113.7 T 65 980 20.2 113.5 TC 68 20.2 113.6 4 68 20.2 113.5 68 983 180 8 335
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-27 18:00:00 TS 20.8 113.5 985 tokyo main 133 84 OOOO______OPO__ jtwc_wp WP021964 20.6 113.4 65 1 21.0 113.4 9 985 0 0 0 21.2 113.7 3 58 980 21.2 113.5 T 65 980 20.6 113.4 TC 65 20.6 113.4 4 65 20.6 113.4 65 985 180 9 335
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-27 21:00:00 TS 21.3 113.3 main 73 24 PPPP______PPP__ WP021964 21.0 113.2 63 0 21.4 113.1 9 985 0 0 21.7 113.4 3 58 981 21.5 113.3 T 65 983 21.0 113.2 TC 63 21.0 113.3 4 63 21.0 113.2 63 987 210 10 340
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-28 00:00:00 TS 21.7 113.1 985 tokyo main 24 0 OOOO______OOO__ jtwc_wp WP021964 21.5 113.1 60 0 21.8 112.8 9 985 0 0 0 22.1 113.2 3 58 982 21.9 113.2 T 65 985 21.5 113.1 TC 60 21.5 113.1 2 60 21.5 113.1 60 988 240 9 340
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-28 03:00:00 TS 22.1 112.9 main 0 0 PPPP______P_P__ WP021964 22.0 113.0 55 0 22.2 112.6 9 988 0 0 22.3 113.0 3 48 983 22.2 113.1 T 60 988 22.0 113.0 TC 55 2 22.0 113.0 55 990 240 8 340
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-28 06:00:00 TS 22.5 112.8 990 tokyo main 0 0 OOOO______O_O__ jtwc_wp WP021964 22.4 112.9 50 0 22.5 112.5 9 990 0 0 0 22.5 112.9 2 38 983 22.5 112.9 STS 55 990 22.4 112.9 TC 50 2 22.4 112.9 50 991 240 6 335
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-28 09:00:00 TS 22.7 112.6 main 0 0 _PPP___________ WP021964 -5 22.7 112.5 9 992 0 0 22.6 112.8 2 34 986 22.8 112.7 STS 48 992 TC 2 4 340
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-28 12:00:00 TS 22.9 112.6 994 tokyo main 0 0 _OOO___________ -5 22.9 112.6 9 994 0 0 0 22.8 112.7 1 29 988 23.1 112.4 TS 40 994 4 10
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-28 15:00:00 TS 23.1 112.7 main 0 0 _PP____________ -5 23.1 112.7 9 995 0 0 23.1 112.7 1 24 992 TS 5 25
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-28 18:00:00 MX 23.3 112.9 996 tokyo main 0 0 _OO____________ -5 23.3 112.9 9 996 0 0 0 23.4 112.8 0 19 995 6 15
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-28 21:00:00 MX 23.7 112.9 main 0 0 _PP____________ -5 23.6 113.0 9 998 0 0 23.7 112.8 0 18 997 7 10
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-29 00:00:00 MX 24.0 113.0 1000 tokyo main 0 0 _OO____________ -5 24.0 113.1 2 1000 0 0 0 24.0 112.9 0 17 999 7 15
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-29 03:00:00 MX 24.4 113.1 main 0 0 _PP____________ -5 24.3 113.3 2 1001 0 0 24.4 113.0 0 17 1000 8 25
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-29 06:00:00 MX 24.7 113.4 1002 tokyo main 0 0 _OO____________ -5 24.6 113.5 2 1002 0 0 0 24.8 113.2 0 17 1001 8 35
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-29 09:00:00 MX 25.0 113.7 main 0 0 _PP____________ -5 25.0 113.9 2 1002 0 0 25.0 113.5 0 17 1002 9 45
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-29 12:00:00 MX 25.3 114.1 1002 tokyo main 0 0 _OO____________ -5 25.4 114.3 2 1002 0 0 0 25.2 113.8 0 17 1003 8 50
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-29 15:00:00 MX 25.5 114.3 main 0 0 _PP____________ -5 25.7 114.7 2 1003 0 0 25.4 114.0 0 17 1004 7 50
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-29 18:00:00 MX 25.8 114.6 1004 tokyo main 0 0 _OO____________ -5 26.0 115.0 2 1004 0 0 0 25.5 114.2 0 17 1004 7 50
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-29 21:00:00 MX 26.0 114.9 main 0 0 _PP____________ -5 26.3 115.3 2 1004 0 0 25.6 114.5 0 17 1004 7 55
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-30 00:00:00 MX 26.2 115.2 1004 tokyo main 0 0 _OO____________ -5 26.5 115.6 6 1004 0 0 0 25.8 114.8 0 17 1004 7 55
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-30 03:00:00 MX 26.3 115.5 main 0 0 _PP____________ -5 26.7 115.8 6 1005 0 0 26.0 115.3 0 17 1005 7 55
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-30 06:00:00 MX 26.5 115.9 1005 tokyo main 0 0 _OO____________ -5 26.8 116.0 6 1005 0 0 0 26.3 115.8 0 17 1005 8 55
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-30 09:00:00 MX 26.8 116.3 main 0 0 _PP____________ -5 27.0 116.2 6 1006 0 0 26.6 116.3 0 17 1006 8 50
1964143N13112 1964 34 WP MM VIOLA 1964-05-30 12:00:00 MX 27.1 116.6 1006 tokyo main 0 _OO____________ -5 27.2 116.4 6 1006 0 0 0 27.0 116.8 0 17 1006 9 45

デジタル台風データ・検索

IBTrACS Databaseについて

本データベースは、米国NOAAが公開する1842年以降の世界の熱帯低気圧のベストトラックデータアーカイブInternational Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)を、ウェブで閲覧しやすい形式に変換したものです。

Data provided by NOAA IBTrACS (International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship), accessed on 2025-03-05