地図

地図上への円の描画:

経路データ

SID SEASON NUMBER BASIN SUBBASIN NAME ISO_TIME NATURE LAT LON WMO_WIND WMO_PRES WMO_AGENCY TRACK_TYPE DIST2LAND LANDFALL IFLAG USA_AGENCY USA_ATCF_ID USA_LAT USA_LON USA_RECORD USA_STATUS USA_WIND USA_PRES USA_SSHS USA_R34_NE USA_R34_SE USA_R34_SW USA_R34_NW USA_R50_NE USA_R50_SE USA_R50_SW USA_R50_NW USA_R64_NE USA_R64_SE USA_R64_SW USA_R64_NW USA_POCI USA_ROCI USA_RMW USA_EYE TOKYO_LAT TOKYO_LON TOKYO_GRADE TOKYO_WIND TOKYO_PRES TOKYO_R50_DIR TOKYO_R50_LONG TOKYO_R50_SHORT TOKYO_R30_DIR TOKYO_R30_LONG TOKYO_R30_SHORT TOKYO_LAND CMA_LAT CMA_LON CMA_CAT CMA_WIND CMA_PRES HKO_LAT HKO_LON HKO_CAT HKO_WIND HKO_PRES KMA_LAT KMA_LON KMA_CAT KMA_WIND KMA_PRES KMA_R50_DIR KMA_R50_LONG KMA_R50_SHORT KMA_R30_DIR KMA_R30_LONG KMA_R30_SHORT NEWDELHI_LAT NEWDELHI_LON NEWDELHI_GRADE NEWDELHI_WIND NEWDELHI_PRES NEWDELHI_CI NEWDELHI_DP NEWDELHI_POCI REUNION_LAT REUNION_LON REUNION_TYPE REUNION_WIND REUNION_PRES REUNION_TNUM REUNION_CI REUNION_RMW REUNION_R34_NE REUNION_R34_SE REUNION_R34_SW REUNION_R34_NW REUNION_R50_NE REUNION_R50_SE REUNION_R50_SW REUNION_R50_NW REUNION_R64_NE REUNION_R64_SE REUNION_R64_SW REUNION_R64_NW BOM_LAT BOM_LON BOM_TYPE BOM_WIND BOM_PRES BOM_TNUM BOM_CI BOM_RMW BOM_R34_NE BOM_R34_SE BOM_R34_SW BOM_R34_NW BOM_R50_NE BOM_R50_SE BOM_R50_SW BOM_R50_NW BOM_R64_NE BOM_R64_SE BOM_R64_SW BOM_R64_NW BOM_ROCI BOM_POCI BOM_EYE BOM_POS_METHOD BOM_PRES_METHOD NADI_LAT NADI_LON NADI_CAT NADI_WIND NADI_PRES WELLINGTON_LAT WELLINGTON_LON WELLINGTON_WIND WELLINGTON_PRES DS824_LAT DS824_LON DS824_STAGE DS824_WIND DS824_PRES TD9636_LAT TD9636_LON TD9636_STAGE TD9636_WIND TD9636_PRES TD9635_LAT TD9635_LON TD9635_WIND TD9635_PRES TD9635_ROCI NEUMANN_LAT NEUMANN_LON NEUMANN_CLASS NEUMANN_WIND NEUMANN_PRES MLC_LAT MLC_LON MLC_CLASS MLC_WIND MLC_PRES USA_GUST BOM_GUST BOM_GUST_PER REUNION_GUST REUNION_GUST_PER USA_SEAHGT USA_SEARAD_NE USA_SEARAD_SE USA_SEARAD_SW USA_SEARAD_NW STORM_SPEED STORM_DIR
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-28 00:00:00 TS 12.1 -101.2 25 hurdat_epa main 539 532 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 12.1 -101.2 TD 25 -1 12.1 -101.2 TC 25 12.1 -101.2 1 4 300
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-28 03:00:00 TS 12.2 -101.4 main 536 529 P_________PP___ EP121968 12.2 -101.4 TD 25 -1 12.2 -101.4 TC 25 12.2 -101.3 1 4 295
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-28 06:00:00 TS 12.3 -101.6 25 hurdat_epa main 533 533 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 12.3 -101.6 TD 25 -1 12.3 -101.6 TC 25 12.2 -101.5 1 4 290
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-28 09:00:00 TS 12.3 -101.8 main 541 531 P_________PP___ EP121968 12.3 -101.8 TD 25 -1 12.3 -101.8 TC 25 12.3 -101.7 1 5 285
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-28 12:00:00 TS 12.4 -102.1 25 hurdat_epa main 546 546 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 12.4 -102.1 TD 25 -1 12.4 -102.1 TC 25 12.4 -102.1 2 8 280
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-28 15:00:00 TS 12.5 -102.6 main 560 560 P_________PP___ EP121968 12.5 -102.6 TD 35 0 12.5 -102.6 TC 35 12.5 -102.6 2 12 280
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-28 18:00:00 TS 12.6 -103.3 45 hurdat_epa main 576 575 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 12.6 -103.3 TS 45 0 12.6 -103.3 TC 45 12.6 -103.2 2 13 280
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-28 21:00:00 TS 12.7 -104.0 main 601 592 P_________PP___ EP121968 12.7 -104.0 TS 45 0 12.7 -104.0 TC 45 12.8 -103.9 2 14 280
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-29 00:00:00 TS 12.9 -104.7 45 hurdat_epa main 613 613 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 12.9 -104.7 TS 45 0 12.9 -104.7 TC 45 12.9 -104.7 2 15 280
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-29 03:00:00 TS 13.0 -105.5 main 630 620 P_________PP___ EP121968 13.0 -105.5 TS 45 0 13.0 -105.5 TC 45 13.0 -105.5 2 16 280
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-29 06:00:00 TS 13.2 -106.3 45 hurdat_epa main 644 644 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 13.2 -106.3 TS 45 0 13.2 -106.3 TC 45 13.2 -106.3 2 16 285
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-29 09:00:00 TS 13.4 -107.1 main 670 670 P_________PP___ EP121968 13.4 -107.1 TS 45 0 13.4 -107.1 TC 45 13.4 -107.1 2 15 285
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-29 12:00:00 TS 13.6 -107.8 45 hurdat_epa main 698 697 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 13.6 -107.8 TS 45 0 13.6 -107.8 TC 45 13.6 -107.8 3 14 290
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-29 15:00:00 TS 13.8 -108.4 main 715 712 P_________PP___ EP121968 13.8 -108.4 TS 60 0 13.8 -108.4 TC 60 13.8 -108.5 3 13 295
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-29 18:00:00 TS 14.1 -109.0 75 hurdat_epa main 725 723 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 14.1 -109.0 HU 75 1 14.1 -109.0 TC 75 14.1 -109.1 3 13 295
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-29 21:00:00 TS 14.4 -109.6 main 741 741 P_________PP___ EP121968 14.4 -109.6 HU 75 1 14.4 -109.6 TC 75 14.3 -109.7 3 13 295
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-30 00:00:00 TS 14.6 -110.2 75 hurdat_epa main 770 770 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 14.6 -110.2 HU 75 1 14.6 -110.2 TC 75 14.6 -110.2 4 11 295
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-30 03:00:00 TS 14.8 -110.7 main 793 793 P_________PP___ EP121968 14.8 -110.7 HU 75 1 14.8 -110.7 TC 75 14.8 -110.7 4 11 295
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-30 06:00:00 TS 15.0 -111.2 75 hurdat_epa main 817 817 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 15.0 -111.2 HU 75 1 15.0 -111.2 TC 75 15.0 -111.2 4 11 295
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-30 09:00:00 TS 15.2 -111.7 main 845 845 P_________PP___ EP121968 15.2 -111.7 HU 75 1 15.2 -111.7 TC 75 15.3 -111.8 4 12 295
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-30 12:00:00 TS 15.5 -112.3 75 hurdat_epa main 862 853 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 15.5 -112.3 HU 75 1 15.5 -112.3 TC 75 15.5 -112.3 4 13 295
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-30 15:00:00 TS 15.7 -112.9 main 860 851 P_________PP___ EP121968 15.7 -112.9 HU 75 1 15.7 -112.9 TC 75 15.7 -112.9 4 13 290
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-30 18:00:00 TS 16.0 -113.6 75 hurdat_epa main 859 853 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 16.0 -113.6 HU 75 1 16.0 -113.6 TC 75 16.0 -113.6 4 14 290
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-30 21:00:00 TS 16.3 -114.3 main 864 864 P_________PP___ EP121968 16.3 -114.3 HU 75 1 16.3 -114.3 TC 75 16.3 -114.3 4 13 290
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-31 00:00:00 TS 16.5 -114.9 75 hurdat_epa main 880 880 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 16.5 -114.9 HU 75 1 16.5 -114.9 TC 75 16.5 -114.9 4 12 290
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-31 03:00:00 TS 16.7 -115.5 main 900 898 P_________PP___ EP121968 16.7 -115.5 HU 75 1 16.7 -115.5 TC 75 16.7 -115.5 4 11 290
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-31 06:00:00 TS 16.9 -116.0 75 hurdat_epa main 918 917 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 16.9 -116.0 HU 75 1 16.9 -116.0 TC 75 16.9 -116.0 4 11 295
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-31 09:00:00 TS 17.1 -116.5 main 938 930 P_________PP___ EP121968 17.1 -116.5 HU 75 1 17.1 -116.5 TC 75 17.2 -116.5 4 11 295
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-31 12:00:00 TS 17.4 -117.0 75 hurdat_epa main 954 954 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 17.4 -117.0 HU 75 1 17.4 -117.0 TC 75 17.4 -117.0 4 11 300
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-31 15:00:00 TS 17.7 -117.5 main 961 961 P_________PP___ EP121968 17.6 -117.5 HU 75 1 17.6 -117.5 TC 75 17.7 -117.5 4 11 300
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-31 18:00:00 TS 17.9 -118.0 75 hurdat_epa main 975 972 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 17.9 -118.0 HU 75 1 17.9 -118.0 TC 75 17.9 -118.0 4 11 300
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-08-31 21:00:00 TS 18.2 -118.5 main 982 982 P_________PP___ EP121968 18.2 -118.5 HU 75 1 18.2 -118.5 TC 75 18.2 -118.5 4 10 300
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-01 00:00:00 TS 18.4 -118.9 75 hurdat_epa main 994 994 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 18.4 -118.9 HU 75 1 18.4 -118.9 TC 75 18.4 -118.9 4 8 300
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-01 03:00:00 TS 18.6 -119.2 main 1001 1001 P_________PP___ EP121968 18.6 -119.2 HU 75 1 18.6 -119.2 TC 75 18.6 -119.3 4 7 300
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-01 06:00:00 TS 18.7 -119.5 75 hurdat_epa main 1016 1016 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 18.7 -119.5 HU 75 1 18.7 -119.5 TC 75 18.8 -119.6 4 7 300
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-01 09:00:00 TS 18.9 -119.8 main 1024 1024 P_________PP___ EP121968 18.9 -119.8 HU 75 1 18.9 -119.8 TC 75 18.9 -119.9 4 7 305
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-01 12:00:00 TS 19.1 -120.1 75 hurdat_epa main 1033 1033 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 19.1 -120.1 HU 75 1 19.1 -120.1 TC 75 19.1 -120.1 4 6 310
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-01 15:00:00 TS 19.3 -120.3 main 1036 1036 P_________PP___ EP121968 19.3 -120.3 HU 75 1 19.3 -120.3 TC 75 19.3 -120.3 4 6 315
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-01 18:00:00 TS 19.5 -120.5 75 hurdat_epa main 1039 1039 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 19.5 -120.5 HU 75 1 19.5 -120.5 TC 75 19.5 -120.5 4 6 315
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-01 21:00:00 TS 19.7 -120.7 main 1043 1043 P_________PP___ EP121968 19.7 -120.7 HU 75 1 19.7 -120.7 TC 75 19.7 -120.8 4 6 310
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-02 00:00:00 TS 19.9 -121.0 75 hurdat_epa main 1056 1054 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 19.9 -121.0 HU 75 1 19.9 -121.0 TC 75 19.9 -121.0 2 7 305
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-02 03:00:00 TS 20.1 -121.3 main 1059 1057 P_________PP___ EP121968 20.1 -121.3 TS 60 0 20.1 -121.3 TC 60 20.1 -121.3 2 8 300
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-02 06:00:00 TS 20.3 -121.7 45 hurdat_epa main 1070 1068 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 20.3 -121.7 TS 45 0 20.3 -121.7 TC 45 20.3 -121.7 2 8 300
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-02 09:00:00 TS 20.5 -122.1 main 1079 1076 P_________PP___ EP121968 20.5 -122.1 TS 45 0 20.5 -122.1 TC 45 20.5 -122.1 2 8 300
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-02 12:00:00 TS 20.7 -122.4 45 hurdat_epa main 1083 1081 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 20.7 -122.4 TS 45 0 20.7 -122.4 TC 45 20.7 -122.4 2 6 305
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-02 15:00:00 TS 20.9 -122.6 main 1081 1080 P_________PP___ EP121968 20.9 -122.6 TS 45 0 20.9 -122.6 TC 45 20.9 -122.6 2 4 315
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-02 18:00:00 TS 21.0 -122.7 45 hurdat_epa main 1080 1079 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 21.0 -122.7 TS 45 0 21.0 -122.7 TC 45 21.0 -122.8 2 4 320
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-02 21:00:00 TS 21.2 -122.9 main 1079 1079 P_________PP___ EP121968 21.1 -122.9 TS 45 0 21.1 -122.9 TC 45 21.2 -122.9 2 4 320
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-03 00:00:00 TS 21.3 -123.0 45 hurdat_epa main 1079 1079 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 21.3 -123.0 TS 45 0 21.3 -123.0 TC 45 21.3 -123.0 2 4 320
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-03 03:00:00 TS 21.4 -123.1 main 1079 1079 P_________PP___ EP121968 21.4 -123.1 TS 45 0 21.4 -123.1 TC 45 21.4 -123.2 2 4 315
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-03 06:00:00 TS 21.6 -123.3 45 hurdat_epa main 1079 1079 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 21.6 -123.3 TS 45 0 21.6 -123.3 TC 45 21.6 -123.3 2 4 315
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-03 09:00:00 TS 21.7 -123.5 main 1088 1081 P_________PP___ EP121968 21.8 -123.5 TS 45 0 21.8 -123.5 TC 45 21.7 -123.5 2 5 310
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-03 12:00:00 TS 21.9 -123.7 45 hurdat_epa main 1090 1090 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 21.9 -123.7 TS 45 0 21.9 -123.7 TC 45 21.9 -123.7 2 5 310
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-03 15:00:00 TS 22.0 -123.9 main 1099 1093 P_________PP___ EP121968 22.0 -123.9 TS 45 0 22.0 -123.9 TC 45 22.1 -123.9 2 5 310
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-03 18:00:00 TS 22.2 -124.1 45 hurdat_epa main 1103 1103 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 22.2 -124.1 TS 45 0 22.2 -124.1 TC 45 22.2 -124.1 2 5 310
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-03 21:00:00 TS 22.4 -124.3 main 1107 1107 P_________PP___ EP121968 22.4 -124.3 TS 45 0 22.4 -124.3 TC 45 22.4 -124.4 2 6 310
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-04 00:00:00 TS 22.6 -124.6 45 hurdat_epa main 1120 1120 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 22.6 -124.6 TS 45 0 22.6 -124.6 TC 45 22.6 -124.6 2 7 310
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-04 03:00:00 TS 22.8 -124.9 main 1134 1129 P_________PP___ EP121968 22.8 -124.9 TS 45 0 22.8 -124.9 TC 45 22.9 -124.9 2 7 315
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-04 06:00:00 TS 23.1 -125.2 45 hurdat_epa main 1144 1139 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 23.1 -125.2 TS 45 0 23.1 -125.2 TC 45 23.1 -125.2 2 8 315
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-04 09:00:00 TS 23.4 -125.5 main 1156 1156 P_________PP___ EP121968 23.4 -125.5 TS 45 0 23.4 -125.5 TC 45 23.4 -125.5 2 7 315
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-04 12:00:00 MX 23.6 -125.7 45 hurdat_epa main 1164 1164 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 23.6 -125.7 TS 45 0 23.6 -125.7 TC 45 23.6 -125.7 6 5 320
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-04 15:00:00 MX 23.7 -125.8 main 1169 1164 P_________PP___ EP121968 23.7 -125.8 TS 35 0 23.7 -125.8 TC 35 23.8 -125.8 6 3 320
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-04 18:00:00 MX 23.8 -125.9 25 hurdat_epa main 1173 1169 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 23.8 -125.9 TD 25 -1 23.8 -125.9 TC 25 23.9 -126.0 6 3 315
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-04 21:00:00 MX 23.9 -126.0 main 1178 1178 P_________PP___ EP121968 23.9 -126.0 TD 25 -1 23.9 -126.0 TC 25 24.0 -126.1 6 3 305
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-05 00:00:00 MX 24.0 -126.2 25 hurdat_epa main 1193 1193 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 24.0 -126.2 TD 25 -1 24.0 -126.2 TC 25 24.0 -126.2 6 4 290
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-05 03:00:00 MX 24.1 -126.4 main 1207 1207 P_________PP___ EP121968 24.1 -126.4 TD 25 -1 24.1 -126.4 TC 25 24.0 -126.4 6 5 280
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-05 06:00:00 MX 24.1 -126.7 25 hurdat_epa main 1235 1235 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 24.1 -126.7 TD 25 -1 24.1 -126.7 TC 25 24.0 -126.7 6 5 265
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-05 09:00:00 MX 24.0 -127.0 main 1268 1268 P_________PP___ EP121968 24.0 -127.0 TD 25 -1 24.0 -127.0 TC 25 24.0 -127.0 6 5 250
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-05 12:00:00 MX 23.9 -127.2 25 hurdat_epa main 1291 1291 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 23.9 -127.2 TD 25 -1 23.9 -127.2 TC 25 23.9 -127.2 6 4 240
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-05 15:00:00 MX 23.8 -127.4 main 1314 1314 P_________PP___ EP121968 23.8 -127.4 TD 25 -1 23.8 -127.4 TC 25 23.8 -127.4 6 3 235
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-05 18:00:00 MX 23.7 -127.5 25 hurdat_epa main 1327 1327 O_________OP___ hurdat_epa EP121968 23.7 -127.5 TD 25 -1 23.7 -127.5 TC 25 23.7 -127.6 6 3 230
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-05 21:00:00 MX 23.6 -127.7 main 1351 1351 P_________PP___ EP121968 23.6 -127.6 TD 25 -1 23.6 -127.6 TC 25 23.6 -127.7 6 3 230
1968241N12259 1968 78 EP MM LIZA 1968-09-06 00:00:00 MX 23.5 -127.8 25 hurdat_epa main 1364 O_________OO___ hurdat_epa EP121968 23.5 -127.8 TD 25 -1 23.5 -127.8 TC 25 23.5 -127.8 6 3 235

IBTrACS Databaseについて

本データベースは、米国NOAAが公開する1842年以降の世界の熱帯低気圧のベストトラックデータアーカイブInternational Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)を、ウェブで閲覧しやすい形式に変換したものです。

Data provided by NOAA IBTrACS (International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship), accessed on 2024-12-18