Map

Track Data

SID SEASON NUMBER BASIN SUBBASIN NAME ISO_TIME NATURE LAT LON WMO_WIND WMO_PRES WMO_AGENCY TRACK_TYPE DIST2LAND LANDFALL IFLAG USA_AGENCY USA_ATCF_ID USA_LAT USA_LON USA_RECORD USA_STATUS USA_WIND USA_PRES USA_SSHS USA_R34_NE USA_R34_SE USA_R34_SW USA_R34_NW USA_R50_NE USA_R50_SE USA_R50_SW USA_R50_NW USA_R64_NE USA_R64_SE USA_R64_SW USA_R64_NW USA_POCI USA_ROCI USA_RMW USA_EYE TOKYO_LAT TOKYO_LON TOKYO_GRADE TOKYO_WIND TOKYO_PRES TOKYO_R50_DIR TOKYO_R50_LONG TOKYO_R50_SHORT TOKYO_R30_DIR TOKYO_R30_LONG TOKYO_R30_SHORT TOKYO_LAND CMA_LAT CMA_LON CMA_CAT CMA_WIND CMA_PRES HKO_LAT HKO_LON HKO_CAT HKO_WIND HKO_PRES NEWDELHI_LAT NEWDELHI_LON NEWDELHI_GRADE NEWDELHI_WIND NEWDELHI_PRES NEWDELHI_CI NEWDELHI_DP NEWDELHI_POCI REUNION_LAT REUNION_LON REUNION_TYPE REUNION_WIND REUNION_PRES REUNION_TNUM REUNION_CI REUNION_RMW REUNION_R34_NE REUNION_R34_SE REUNION_R34_SW REUNION_R34_NW REUNION_R50_NE REUNION_R50_SE REUNION_R50_SW REUNION_R50_NW REUNION_R64_NE REUNION_R64_SE REUNION_R64_SW REUNION_R64_NW BOM_LAT BOM_LON BOM_TYPE BOM_WIND BOM_PRES BOM_TNUM BOM_CI BOM_RMW BOM_R34_NE BOM_R34_SE BOM_R34_SW BOM_R34_NW BOM_R50_NE BOM_R50_SE BOM_R50_SW BOM_R50_NW BOM_R64_NE BOM_R64_SE BOM_R64_SW BOM_R64_NW BOM_ROCI BOM_POCI BOM_EYE BOM_POS_METHOD BOM_PRES_METHOD NADI_LAT NADI_LON NADI_CAT NADI_WIND NADI_PRES WELLINGTON_LAT WELLINGTON_LON WELLINGTON_WIND WELLINGTON_PRES DS824_LAT DS824_LON DS824_STAGE DS824_WIND DS824_PRES TD9636_LAT TD9636_LON TD9636_STAGE TD9636_WIND TD9636_PRES TD9635_LAT TD9635_LON TD9635_WIND TD9635_PRES TD9635_ROCI NEUMANN_LAT NEUMANN_LON NEUMANN_CLASS NEUMANN_WIND NEUMANN_PRES MLC_LAT MLC_LON MLC_CLASS MLC_WIND MLC_PRES USA_GUST BOM_GUST BOM_GUST_PER REUNION_GUST REUNION_GUST_PER USA_SEAHGT USA_SEARAD_NE USA_SEARAD_SE USA_SEARAD_SW USA_SEARAD_NW STORM_SPEED STORM_DIR
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-15 00:00:00 NR -7.10000 160.200 main 134 134 __________O___ -5 -7.10000 160.200 1 1 0
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-15 03:00:00 NR -7.11267 160.227 main 134 134 __________P___ -5 -7.11267 160.227 1 1 116
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-15 06:00:00 NR -7.12414 160.262 main 139 130 __________P___ -5 -7.12414 160.262 1 1 103
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-15 09:00:00 NR -7.13321 160.313 main 139 139 __________P___ -5 -7.13321 160.313 1 4 35
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-15 12:00:00 NR -6.77094 160.511 main 179 179 O_________P___ jtwc_sh SH331986 -5.30000 161.000 25 -1 -7.13868 160.389 1 7 36
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-15 15:00:00 NR -6.54758 160.741 main 212 212 P_________P___ SH331986 -5.36409 161.230 25 -1 -7.13933 160.497 1 6 53
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-15 18:00:00 NR -6.40475 160.998 main 225 225 P_________P___ SH331986 -5.43251 161.467 25 -1 -7.13393 160.647 1 6 67
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-15 21:00:00 NR -6.31547 161.283 main 241 241 P_________P___ SH331986 -5.50968 161.722 25 -1 -7.12125 160.845 1 6 84
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-16 00:00:00 NR -6.35000 161.550 main 251 240 O_________O___ jtwc_sh SH331986 -5.60000 162.000 25 -1 -7.10000 161.100 2 6 97
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-16 03:00:00 NR -6.38927 161.862 main 254 254 P_________P___ SH331986 -5.70815 162.308 26 -1 -7.07039 161.417 2 7 98
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-16 06:00:00 NR -6.43934 162.209 main 272 269 P_________P___ SH331986 -5.84003 162.635 27 -1 -7.03865 161.783 2 7 99
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-16 09:00:00 NR -6.50724 162.576 main 291 283 P_________P___ SH331986 -6.00189 162.970 28 -1 -7.01258 162.182 2 6 114
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-16 12:00:00 TS -6.68000 162.760 30 997 wellington main 290 290 O_______O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -6.20000 163.300 30 -1 -7.00000 162.000 30 997 -7.00000 162.600 2 -7.00000 162.000 TC 20 6 129
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-16 15:00:00 TS -6.88485 163.054 main 299 299 P_______P_P_P_ SH331986 -6.44322 163.676 32 -1 -7.24510 162.385 30 997 -6.96623 163.100 2 -7.24510 162.385 TC 22 8 125
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-16 18:00:00 TS -7.11281 163.376 30 997 wellington main 313 307 P_____O_O_P_O_ SH331986 -6.72013 164.035 35 0 -7.00000 163.900 20 25 1000 1.50000 1 9 -7.50000 162.700 30 997 -6.95291 163.600 2 -7.50000 162.700 TC 25 45 45 7 132
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-16 21:00:00 TS -7.36221 163.589 main 316 316 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -7.01196 164.326 37 0 -7.20002 164.020 20 25 999 -7.76496 162.895 30 997 -6.98807 164.025 2 -7.76496 162.895 TC 27 6 140
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-17 00:00:00 TS -7.56842 163.763 30 997 wellington main 328 316 O_____O_O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -7.30000 164.500 40 0 -7.40000 164.100 20 25 999 2.00000 1 9 -8.00000 163.000 30 997 -7.10000 164.300 2 -8.00000 163.000 TC 30 45 45 5 149
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-17 03:00:00 TS -7.77127 163.831 main 316 306 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -7.57325 164.526 42 0 -7.59997 164.102 20 27 998 -8.16499 163.080 35 993 -7.35313 164.366 2 -8.16499 163.080 TC 35 4 177
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-17 06:00:00 TS -7.98288 163.781 40 990 wellington main 306 286 P_____O_O_P_O_ SH331986 -7.83727 164.430 45 0 -7.80000 164.000 20 30 997 2.50000 3 9 -8.30000 163.100 40 990 -7.67714 164.275 2 -8.30000 163.100 TC 40 45 45 5 203
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-17 09:00:00 TS -8.19906 163.645 main 276 258 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -8.08266 164.245 47 0 -8.00002 163.780 20 32 996 -8.45000 163.065 42 988 -8.01260 164.072 2 -8.45000 163.065 TC 45 5 217
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-17 12:00:00 TS -8.40000 163.460 45 987 wellington main 258 229 O_____O_O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -8.30000 164.000 50 0 -8.20000 163.500 30 35 995 3.00000 3 5 -8.60000 163.000 45 987 -8.30000 163.800 2 -8.60000 163.000 TC 50 49 49 5 223
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-17 15:00:00 TS -8.56877 163.295 main 229 205 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -8.47877 163.758 52 0 -8.40748 163.250 30 37 993 -8.74998 162.972 47 986 -8.45765 163.520 2 -8.74998 162.972 TC 52 5 229
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-17 18:00:00 TS -8.71805 163.091 50 985 wellington main 205 181 P_____O_O_P_O_ SH331986 -8.63002 163.467 55 0 -8.60000 163.000 30 40 992 3.00000 3 6 -8.90000 162.900 50 985 -8.56022 163.187 2 -8.90000 162.900 TC 55 55 55 5 238
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-17 21:00:00 TS -8.85578 162.838 main 167 143 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -8.76624 163.143 57 0 -8.76498 162.750 30 42 990 -9.05750 162.730 52 982 -8.63265 162.836 2 -9.05750 162.730 TC 57 6 243
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-18 00:00:00 TS -8.98000 162.560 55 980 wellington main 143 108 O_____O_O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -8.90000 162.800 60 0 -8.90000 162.500 30 45 988 3.00000 145 3 6 -9.20000 162.500 55 980 -8.70000 162.500 2 -9.20000 162.500 TC 60 64 64 6 246
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-18 03:00:00 TS -9.09272 162.291 main 108 73 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -9.05002 162.456 61 0 -8.99997 162.257 30 45 986 175 -9.31500 162.258 57 977 -8.78362 162.228 2 -9.31500 162.258 TC 62 6 248
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-18 06:00:00 TS -9.19397 162.015 60 975 wellington main 73 49 P_____O_O_P_O_ SH331986 -9.20003 162.100 62 0 -9.10000 162.000 30 45 984 3.00000 205 3 6 -9.40000 162.000 60 975 -8.86984 161.977 2 -9.40000 162.000 TC 65 64 64 6 250
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-18 09:00:00 TS -9.29270 161.747 main 39 15 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -9.35002 161.744 63 0 -9.24249 161.708 30 47 982 -9.44992 161.772 65 970 -8.97114 161.738 2 -9.44992 161.772 TC 67 6 249
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-18 12:00:00 TS -9.40000 161.460 70 965 wellington main 15 0 O_____O_O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -9.50000 161.400 65 1 -9.40000 161.400 30 50 980 3.50000 3 6 -9.50000 161.500 70 965 -9.10000 161.500 2 55 -9.50000 161.500 TC 70 69 69 6 249
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-18 15:00:00 TS -9.51885 161.135 main 15 10 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -9.63363 161.081 62 0 -9.54245 161.107 30 50 978 -9.57755 161.115 75 960 -9.26306 161.254 2 -9.57755 161.115 TC 70 7 248
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-18 18:00:00 TS -9.66495 160.797 80 955 wellington main 10 0 P_____O_O_P_O_ SH331986 -9.76985 160.777 60 0 -9.70000 160.800 30 50 976 3.50000 2 7 -9.70000 160.700 80 955 -9.45491 161.007 2 -9.70000 160.700 TC 70 69 69 7 243
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-18 21:00:00 TS -9.84908 160.472 main 0 0 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -9.92115 160.484 57 0 -9.88501 160.450 30 52 974 -9.88496 160.335 80 955 -9.66930 160.757 2 -9.88496 160.335 TC 72 7 238
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-19 00:00:00 TS -10.0600 160.160 80 955 wellington main 33 33 O_____O_O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -10.1000 160.200 55 0 -10.1000 160.100 30 55 973 4.00000 139 2 6 -10.1000 160.000 80 955 -9.90000 160.500 4 -10.1000 160.000 TC 75 75 75 7 236
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-19 03:00:00 TS -10.2617 159.851 main 56 56 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -10.2888 159.897 55 0 -10.3425 159.778 30 57 971 193 -10.2850 159.677 80 955 -10.1072 160.224 4 -10.2850 159.677 TC 80 7 234
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-19 06:00:00 TS -10.4885 159.569 60 969 bom main 81 81 P_____O_O_P_O_ SH331986 -10.5101 159.605 55 0 -10.6000 159.500 30 60 969 4.00000 247 3 6 -10.5000 159.400 80 955 -10.3325 159.942 4 -10.5000 159.400 TC 85 84 84 7 227
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-19 09:00:00 TS -10.7456 159.319 main 114 114 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -10.7763 159.335 55 0 -10.8200 159.270 30 62 967 204 -10.7700 159.163 80 955 -10.5916 159.664 4 -10.7700 159.163 TC 87 7 218
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-19 12:00:00 TS -11.0600 159.120 65 966 bom main 164 164 O_____O_O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -11.1000 159.100 55 0 -11.1000 159.100 40 65 966 4.50000 161 3 6 -11.1000 159.000 80 955 -10.9000 159.400 4 -11.1000 159.000 TC 90 89 89 8 205
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-19 15:00:00 TS -11.4491 158.978 main 199 199 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -11.4965 158.894 57 0 -11.5275 158.985 40 65 965 226 -11.4775 158.942 80 955 -11.2666 159.124 4 -11.4775 158.942 TC 92 9 197
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-19 18:00:00 TS -11.8860 158.859 65 965 bom main 254 254 P_____O_O_P_O_ SH331986 -11.9474 158.725 60 0 -12.0000 158.900 40 65 965 4.50000 292 3 6 -11.9000 158.900 80 955 -11.6826 158.868 4 -11.9000 158.900 TC 95 89 89 9 197
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-19 21:00:00 TS -12.3329 158.708 main 304 304 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -12.4247 158.594 62 0 -12.4225 158.807 40 67 964 266 -12.3425 158.743 77 957 -12.1323 158.653 4 -12.3425 158.743 TC 95 9 197
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-20 00:00:00 TS -12.7800 158.580 70 963 bom main 360 360 O_____V_O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -12.9000 158.500 65 1 -12.8000 158.700 40 70 963 4.50000 240 3 6 -12.8000 158.600 75 960 -12.6000 158.500 4 -12.8000 158.600 TC 95 99 99 9 194
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-20 03:00:00 TS -13.1854 158.495 main 406 406 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -13.3158 158.383 68 1 -13.1000 158.543 40 70 962 214 -13.2275 158.577 75 960 -13.0564 158.395 4 -13.2275 158.577 TC 90 8 189
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-20 06:00:00 TS -13.6109 158.453 70 961 bom main 448 448 P_____O_O_P_O_ SH331986 -13.7272 158.309 72 1 -13.4000 158.400 40 70 961 4.50000 188 4 4 6 -13.7000 158.600 75 960 -13.5272 158.358 4 -13.7000 158.600 TC 85 99 99 9 184
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-20 09:00:00 TS -14.1119 158.428 main 505 505 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -14.1500 158.305 76 1 -13.7550 158.290 40 70 960 213 -14.3225 158.578 72 962 -14.0095 158.392 4 -14.3225 158.578 TC 80 10 178
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-20 12:00:00 TS -14.6200 158.480 70 960 bom main 553 553 O_____O_O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -14.6000 158.400 80 1 -14.2000 158.300 40 70 960 4.50000 238 8 4 6 -14.9000 158.600 70 965 -14.5000 158.500 4 -14.9000 158.600 TC 75 99 99 10 169
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-20 15:00:00 TS -15.0800 158.630 main 593 587 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -15.1410 158.607 80 1 -14.7700 158.482 40 70 962 235 -15.2300 158.713 70 965 -15.0290 158.633 4 -15.2300 158.713 TC 70 10 158
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-20 18:00:00 TS -15.5324 158.871 70 964 bom main 612 612 P_____O_O_P_O_ SH331986 -15.7025 158.914 80 1 -15.4000 158.800 40 70 964 4.50000 232 3 4 6 -15.5000 158.900 70 965 -15.5594 158.842 4 -15.5000 158.900 TC 65 99 99 11 151
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-20 21:00:00 TS -16.0180 159.158 main 646 637 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -16.2378 159.288 80 1 -16.0373 159.148 40 67 968 277 -15.8774 159.113 67 967 -16.0601 159.130 4 -15.8774 159.113 TC 57 11 147
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-21 00:00:00 TS -16.4800 159.520 65 972 bom main 637 575 O_____O_O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -16.7000 159.700 80 1 -16.6000 159.600 40 65 972 4.50000 323 3 6 -16.3000 159.400 65 970 -16.5000 159.500 4 -16.3000 159.400 TC 50 89 89 11 139
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP EA NAMU 1986-05-21 03:00:00 TS -16.8794 159.927 main 575 513 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -17.0331 160.097 75 1 -17.0175 160.163 40 60 980 277 -16.7498 159.748 60 975 -16.8466 159.878 4 -16.7498 159.748 TC 45 11 131
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-21 06:00:00 TS -17.2241 160.413 55 980 wellington main 513 452 P_____O_O_P_O_ SH331986 -17.2899 160.521 70 1 -17.3000 160.800 30 55 988 4.00000 232 3 6 -17.2000 160.200 55 980 -17.1304 160.342 4 -17.2000 160.200 TC 40 75 75 12 123
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-21 09:00:00 TS -17.5229 160.949 main 452 383 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -17.5018 160.959 65 1 -17.4945 161.413 30 47 994 223 -17.6222 160.733 47 985 -17.3740 160.909 4 -17.6222 160.733 TC 35 12 117
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-21 12:00:00 TS -17.7800 161.580 40 990 wellington main 375 310 O_____O_O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -17.7000 161.400 60 0 -17.6000 162.100 30 40 1001 3.00000 215 3 6 -18.0000 161.400 40 990 -17.6000 161.600 2 -18.0000 161.400 TC 30 55 55 14 111
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-21 15:00:00 TS -18.0226 162.303 main 310 251 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -17.9482 161.829 55 0 -17.6201 162.928 30 35 1004 215 -18.3594 162.167 35 993 -17.8261 162.423 2 -18.3594 162.167 TC 27 15 107
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-21 18:00:00 TS -18.2256 163.068 30 997 wellington main 247 203 P_____O_O_P_O_ SH331986 -18.1872 162.258 50 0 -17.7000 163.800 20 30 1008 2.50000 215 1 9 -18.6000 163.100 30 997 -18.0533 163.355 2 -18.6000 163.100 TC 25 45 45 15 105
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-21 21:00:00 TS -18.3988 163.791 main 203 180 P_____P_P_P_P_ SH331986 -18.4076 162.682 45 0 -17.9854 164.619 20 25 1008 161 -18.6568 164.203 30 997 -18.2788 164.359 2 -18.6568 164.203 TC 25 12 107
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-22 00:00:00 TS -18.5625 164.250 30 997 wellington main 180 168 O_____O_O_O_O_ jtwc_sh SH331986 -18.6000 163.100 40 0 -18.4000 165.400 20 20 1008 1.00000 107 1 -18.6000 165.400 30 997 -18.5000 165.400 2 -18.6000 165.400 TC 25 45 45 5 217
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-22 03:00:00 NR -18.7695 163.495 main 168 146 P_____________ SH331986 -18.7695 163.495 37 0 20 2 TC 5 225
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-22 06:00:00 NR -18.9092 163.885 main 146 134 P_____________ SH331986 -18.9092 163.885 35 0 2 8 109
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-22 09:00:00 NR -19.0194 164.283 main 135 126 P_____________ SH331986 -19.0194 164.283 32 -1 2 8 104
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-22 12:00:00 NR -19.1000 164.700 main 135 135 O_____________ jtwc_sh SH331986 -19.1000 164.700 30 -1 8 99
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-22 15:00:00 NR -19.1520 165.147 main 138 138 P_____________ SH331986 -19.1520 165.147 28 -1 9 95
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-22 18:00:00 NR -19.1813 165.618 main 168 168 P_____________ SH331986 -19.1813 165.618 27 -1 9 93
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-22 21:00:00 NR -19.1949 166.105 main 202 202 P_____________ SH331986 -19.1949 166.105 26 -1 9 91
1986135S07160 1986 49 SP MM NAMU 1986-05-23 00:00:00 NR -19.2000 166.600 main 231 O_____________ jtwc_sh SH331986 -19.2000 166.600 25 -1 9 91

Digital Typhoon Data and Search

About IBTrACS Database

This database is a web-friendly format of International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS), a global best track data archive curated by NOAA dating back to 1842.

Data provided by NOAA IBTrACS (International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship), accessed on 2024-04-16