地図

地図上への円の描画:

経路データ

SID SEASON NUMBER BASIN SUBBASIN NAME ISO_TIME NATURE LAT LON WMO_WIND WMO_PRES WMO_AGENCY TRACK_TYPE DIST2LAND LANDFALL IFLAG USA_AGENCY USA_ATCF_ID USA_LAT USA_LON USA_RECORD USA_STATUS USA_WIND USA_PRES USA_SSHS USA_R34_NE USA_R34_SE USA_R34_SW USA_R34_NW USA_R50_NE USA_R50_SE USA_R50_SW USA_R50_NW USA_R64_NE USA_R64_SE USA_R64_SW USA_R64_NW USA_POCI USA_ROCI USA_RMW USA_EYE TOKYO_LAT TOKYO_LON TOKYO_GRADE TOKYO_WIND TOKYO_PRES TOKYO_R50_DIR TOKYO_R50_LONG TOKYO_R50_SHORT TOKYO_R30_DIR TOKYO_R30_LONG TOKYO_R30_SHORT TOKYO_LAND CMA_LAT CMA_LON CMA_CAT CMA_WIND CMA_PRES HKO_LAT HKO_LON HKO_CAT HKO_WIND HKO_PRES KMA_LAT KMA_LON KMA_CAT KMA_WIND KMA_PRES KMA_R50_DIR KMA_R50_LONG KMA_R50_SHORT KMA_R30_DIR KMA_R30_LONG KMA_R30_SHORT NEWDELHI_LAT NEWDELHI_LON NEWDELHI_GRADE NEWDELHI_WIND NEWDELHI_PRES NEWDELHI_CI NEWDELHI_DP NEWDELHI_POCI REUNION_LAT REUNION_LON REUNION_TYPE REUNION_WIND REUNION_PRES REUNION_TNUM REUNION_CI REUNION_RMW REUNION_R34_NE REUNION_R34_SE REUNION_R34_SW REUNION_R34_NW REUNION_R50_NE REUNION_R50_SE REUNION_R50_SW REUNION_R50_NW REUNION_R64_NE REUNION_R64_SE REUNION_R64_SW REUNION_R64_NW BOM_LAT BOM_LON BOM_TYPE BOM_WIND BOM_PRES BOM_TNUM BOM_CI BOM_RMW BOM_R34_NE BOM_R34_SE BOM_R34_SW BOM_R34_NW BOM_R50_NE BOM_R50_SE BOM_R50_SW BOM_R50_NW BOM_R64_NE BOM_R64_SE BOM_R64_SW BOM_R64_NW BOM_ROCI BOM_POCI BOM_EYE BOM_POS_METHOD BOM_PRES_METHOD NADI_LAT NADI_LON NADI_CAT NADI_WIND NADI_PRES WELLINGTON_LAT WELLINGTON_LON WELLINGTON_WIND WELLINGTON_PRES DS824_LAT DS824_LON DS824_STAGE DS824_WIND DS824_PRES TD9636_LAT TD9636_LON TD9636_STAGE TD9636_WIND TD9636_PRES TD9635_LAT TD9635_LON TD9635_WIND TD9635_PRES TD9635_ROCI NEUMANN_LAT NEUMANN_LON NEUMANN_CLASS NEUMANN_WIND NEUMANN_PRES MLC_LAT MLC_LON MLC_CLASS MLC_WIND MLC_PRES USA_GUST BOM_GUST BOM_GUST_PER REUNION_GUST REUNION_GUST_PER USA_SEAHGT USA_SEARAD_NE USA_SEARAD_SE USA_SEARAD_SW USA_SEARAD_NW STORM_SPEED STORM_DIR
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-03 06:00:00 TS -6.6 69.6 main 1845 1845 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -6.6 69.6 TD 15 1006 -1 -6.6 69.6 TC 15 12 260
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-03 09:00:00 TS -6.7 69.0 main 1897 1884 P____________P_ SH022003 -6.7 69.0 TD 15 1006 -1 -6.7 69.0 TC 15 12 260
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-03 12:00:00 TS -6.8 68.4 main 1884 1845 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -6.8 68.4 TD 15 1006 -1 -6.8 68.4 TC 15 12 265
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-03 15:00:00 TS -6.8 67.8 main 1845 1798 P____________P_ SH022003 -6.8 67.8 TD 18 1005 -1 -6.8 67.8 TC 18 12 265
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-03 18:00:00 TS -6.9 67.2 main 1798 1752 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -6.9 67.2 TD 20 1004 -1 1008 120 45 -6.9 67.2 TC 20 12 260
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-03 21:00:00 TS -7.0 66.6 main 1752 1699 P____________P_ SH022003 -7.0 66.6 TD 23 1003 -1 1008 123 45 -7.0 66.6 TC 23 12 255
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-04 00:00:00 TS -7.2 66.0 main 1699 1640 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -7.2 66.0 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.2 66.0 TC 25 13 255
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-04 03:00:00 TS -7.4 65.3 main 1640 1594 P____________P_ SH022003 -7.4 65.3 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.4 65.3 TC 25 14 260
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-04 06:00:00 TS -7.5 64.6 main 1594 1555 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -7.5 64.6 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.5 64.6 TC 25 14 260
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-04 09:00:00 TS -7.6 63.9 main 1550 1523 P____________P_ SH022003 -7.6 63.9 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.6 63.9 TC 25 13 265
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-04 12:00:00 TS -7.6 63.3 main 1523 1495 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -7.6 63.3 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.6 63.3 TC 25 13 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-04 15:00:00 TS -7.6 62.6 main 1495 1455 P____________P_ SH022003 -7.6 62.6 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.6 62.6 TC 25 13 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-04 18:00:00 TS -7.6 62.0 main 1455 1416 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -7.6 62.0 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.6 62.0 TC 25 11 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-04 21:00:00 TS -7.6 61.5 main 1406 1376 P____________P_ SH022003 -7.6 61.5 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.6 61.5 TC 25 8 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-05 00:00:00 TS -7.6 61.2 main 1376 1342 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -7.6 61.2 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.6 61.2 TC 25 7 260
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-05 03:00:00 TS -7.7 60.9 main 1342 1307 P____________P_ SH022003 -7.7 60.9 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.7 60.9 TC 25 6 250
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-05 06:00:00 TS -7.8 60.6 main 1307 1282 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -7.8 60.6 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.8 60.6 TC 25 6 240
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-05 09:00:00 TS -7.9 60.4 main 1282 1252 P____________P_ SH022003 -7.9 60.4 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -7.9 60.4 TC 25 5 235
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-05 12:00:00 TS -8.1 60.2 main 1252 1228 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -8.1 60.2 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -8.1 60.2 TC 25 5 230
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-05 15:00:00 TS -8.2 60.0 main 1228 1208 P____________P_ SH022003 -8.2 60.0 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -8.2 60.0 TC 25 4 225
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-05 18:00:00 TS -8.4 59.9 main 1208 1188 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -8.4 59.9 TD 25 1002 -1 1008 125 45 -8.4 59.9 TC 25 4 215
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-05 21:00:00 TS -8.6 59.8 main 1188 1169 P____________P_ SH022003 -8.6 59.8 TD 28 1001 -1 1008 125 45 -8.6 59.8 TC 28 4 205
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-06 00:00:00 TS -8.8 59.7 main 1169 1154 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -8.8 59.7 TD 30 1000 -1 1008 125 45 -8.8 59.7 TC 30 4 210
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-06 03:00:00 TS -9.0 59.6 main 1150 1135 P____________P_ SH022003 -9.0 59.6 TD 33 999 -1 1008 125 45 -9.0 59.6 TC 33 4 215
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-06 06:00:00 TS -9.1 59.5 main 1135 1116 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -9.1 59.5 TS 35 997 0 1008 125 45 -9.1 59.5 TC 35 4 210
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-06 09:00:00 TS -9.3 59.4 main 1116 1102 P____________P_ SH022003 -9.3 59.4 TS 35 997 0 1008 125 45 -9.3 59.4 TC 35 4 215
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-06 12:00:00 TS -9.4 59.3 main 1102 1081 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -9.4 59.3 TS 35 997 0 1008 125 45 -9.4 59.3 TC 35 3 255
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-06 15:00:00 TS -9.4 59.1 main 1081 1070 P____________P_ SH022003 -9.4 59.1 TS 40 994 0 1007 123 40 -9.4 59.1 TC 40 4 295
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-06 18:00:00 TS -9.2 58.9 main 1070 1065 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -9.2 58.9 TS 45 991 0 70 70 45 45 1006 120 35 -9.2 58.9 TC 45 5 320
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-06 21:00:00 TS -8.9 58.8 main 1075 1065 P____________P_ SH022003 -8.9 58.8 TS 45 991 0 70 70 45 45 1006 120 35 -8.9 58.8 TC 45 6 330
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-07 00:00:00 TS -8.7 58.6 main 1065 1051 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -8.7 58.6 TS 45 991 0 70 70 45 45 1006 120 35 -8.7 58.6 TC 45 6 315
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-07 03:00:00 TS -8.6 58.3 main 1041 1018 P____________P_ SH022003 -8.6 58.3 TS 40 994 0 70 70 45 45 1006 120 35 -8.6 58.3 TC 40 6 290
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-07 06:00:00 TS -8.5 58.0 main 1018 990 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -8.5 58.0 TS 35 997 0 70 70 45 45 1006 120 35 -8.5 58.0 TC 35 7 275
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-07 09:00:00 TS -8.5 57.6 main 980 943 P____________P_ SH022003 -8.5 57.6 TS 35 997 0 70 70 45 45 1006 120 35 -8.5 57.6 TC 35 8 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-07 12:00:00 TS -8.5 57.2 main 943 897 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -8.5 57.2 TS 35 997 0 70 70 45 45 1006 120 35 -8.5 57.2 TC 35 10 275
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-07 15:00:00 TS -8.5 56.7 main 897 847 P____________P_ SH022003 -8.5 56.7 TS 35 997 0 -8.5 56.7 TC 35 11 275
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-07 18:00:00 TS -8.4 56.1 main 847 801 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -8.4 56.1 TS 35 997 0 -8.4 56.1 TC 35 11 275
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-07 21:00:00 TS -8.4 55.5 main 791 746 P____________P_ SH022003 -8.4 55.5 TS 33 999 -1 -8.4 55.5 TC 33 11 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-08 00:00:00 TS -8.4 55.0 main 746 702 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -8.4 55.0 TD 30 1000 -1 -8.4 55.0 TC 30 11 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-08 03:00:00 TS -8.4 54.5 main 702 659 P____________P_ SH022003 -8.4 54.5 TD 28 1001 -1 -8.4 54.5 TC 28 10 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-08 06:00:00 TS -8.4 54.0 main 659 626 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -8.4 54.0 TD 25 1002 -1 -8.4 54.0 TC 25 9 265
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-08 09:00:00 TS -8.5 53.6 main 618 579 P____________P_ SH022003 -8.5 53.6 TD 25 1002 -1 -8.5 53.6 TC 25 8 255
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-08 12:00:00 TS -8.6 53.2 main 579 532 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -8.6 53.2 TD 25 1002 -1 -8.6 53.2 TC 25 8 235
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-08 15:00:00 TS -8.9 52.9 main 532 493 P____________P_ SH022003 -8.9 52.9 TD 25 1003 -1 -8.9 52.9 TC 25 8 220
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-08 18:00:00 TS -9.2 52.7 main 493 446 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -9.2 52.7 TD 25 1003 -1 1008 120 15 -9.2 52.7 TC 25 8 220
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-08 21:00:00 TS -9.5 52.4 main 446 407 P____________P_ SH022003 -9.5 52.4 TD 28 1002 -1 1008 120 15 -9.5 52.4 TC 28 8 220
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-09 00:00:00 TS -9.8 52.2 main 407 377 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -9.8 52.2 TD 30 1000 -1 1008 120 15 -9.8 52.2 TC 30 7 205
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-09 03:00:00 TS -10.2 52.1 main 370 341 P____________P_ SH022003 -10.2 52.1 TD 33 999 -1 1009 120 18 -10.2 52.1 TC 33 7 195
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-09 06:00:00 TS -10.5 52.0 main 341 305 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -10.5 52.0 TS 35 997 0 1009 120 20 -10.5 52.0 TC 35 7 205
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-09 09:00:00 TS -10.8 51.8 main 305 265 P____________P_ SH022003 -10.8 51.8 TS 35 997 0 1009 120 20 -10.8 51.8 TC 35 7 225
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-09 12:00:00 TS -11.0 51.5 main 265 220 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -11.0 51.5 TS 35 997 0 1009 120 20 -11.0 51.5 TC 35 7 225
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-09 15:00:00 TS -11.3 51.2 main 220 181 P____________P_ SH022003 -11.3 51.2 TS 35 1000 0 1009 120 20 -11.3 51.2 TC 35 8 230
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-09 18:00:00 TS -11.5 50.9 main 181 132 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -11.5 50.9 TS 35 1002 0 1009 120 20 -11.5 50.9 TC 35 8 240
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-09 21:00:00 TS -11.7 50.5 main 132 94 P____________P_ SH022003 -11.7 50.5 TS 35 1000 0 1009 120 20 -11.7 50.5 TC 35 8 255
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-10 00:00:00 TS -11.7 50.1 main 94 78 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -11.7 50.1 TS 35 997 0 1009 120 20 -11.7 50.1 TC 35 7 275
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-10 03:00:00 TS -11.6 49.8 main 78 78 P____________P_ SH022003 -11.6 49.8 TS 35 997 0 1009 120 20 -11.6 49.8 TC 35 6 300
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-10 06:00:00 TS -11.4 49.6 main 84 81 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -11.4 49.6 TS 35 997 0 1009 120 20 -11.4 49.6 TC 35 6 300
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-10 09:00:00 TS -11.3 49.3 main 89 89 P____________P_ SH022003 -11.3 49.3 TS 30 1000 -1 1009 120 20 -11.3 49.3 TC 30 6 290
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-10 12:00:00 TS -11.2 49.0 main 103 103 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -11.2 49.0 TD 25 1002 -1 1009 120 20 -11.2 49.0 TC 25 7 275
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-10 15:00:00 TS -11.2 48.6 main 120 120 P____________P_ SH022003 -11.2 48.6 TD 23 1003 -1 -11.2 48.6 TC 23 9 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-10 18:00:00 TS -11.2 48.1 main 156 156 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -11.2 48.1 TD 20 1004 -1 -11.2 48.1 TC 20 10 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-10 21:00:00 TS -11.2 47.6 main 195 195 P____________P_ SH022003 -11.2 47.6 TD 23 1003 -1 -11.2 47.6 TC 23 11 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-11 00:00:00 TS -11.2 47.0 main 244 244 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -11.2 47.0 TD 25 1002 -1 -11.2 47.0 TC 25 12 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-11 03:00:00 TS -11.2 46.4 main 299 299 P____________P_ SH022003 -11.2 46.4 TD 28 1001 -1 -11.2 46.4 TC 28 12 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-11 06:00:00 TS -11.2 45.8 main 357 357 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -11.2 45.8 TD 30 1000 -1 1009 120 20 -11.2 45.8 TC 30 11 260
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-11 09:00:00 TS -11.4 45.3 main 382 382 P____________P_ SH022003 -11.4 45.3 TD 33 999 -1 1009 120 20 -11.4 45.3 TC 33 11 250
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-11 12:00:00 TS -11.6 44.8 main 410 404 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -11.6 44.8 TS 35 997 0 1009 120 20 -11.6 44.8 TC 35 10 250
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-11 15:00:00 TS -11.8 44.3 main 403 349 P____________P_ SH022003 -11.8 44.3 TS 35 997 0 1009 120 23 -11.8 44.3 TC 35 10 260
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-11 18:00:00 TS -11.8 43.8 main 349 295 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -11.8 43.8 TS 35 997 0 1009 120 25 -11.8 43.8 TC 35 11 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-11 21:00:00 TS -11.7 43.2 main 285 235 P____________P_ SH022003 -11.7 43.2 TS 35 997 0 1009 120 25 -11.7 43.2 TC 35 11 285
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-12 00:00:00 TS -11.5 42.7 main 235 196 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -11.5 42.7 TS 35 997 0 1009 120 25 -11.5 42.7 TC 35 11 305
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-12 03:00:00 TS -11.1 42.3 main 186 153 P____________P_ SH022003 -11.1 42.3 TS 33 999 -1 1009 120 25 -11.1 42.3 TC 33 11 320
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-12 06:00:00 TS -10.7 42.0 main 153 114 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -10.7 42.0 TD 30 1000 -1 1009 120 25 -10.7 42.0 TC 30 11 315
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-12 09:00:00 TS -10.4 41.6 main 114 78 P____________P_ SH022003 -10.4 41.6 TD 30 1000 -1 1009 110 25 -10.4 41.6 TC 30 10 300
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-12 12:00:00 TS -10.2 41.1 main 78 46 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -10.2 41.1 TD 30 1000 -1 1009 100 25 -10.2 41.1 TC 30 9 285
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-12 15:00:00 TS -10.2 40.7 main 46 15 P____________P_ SH022003 -10.2 40.7 TD 30 1000 -1 -10.2 40.7 TC 30 8 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-12 18:00:00 TS -10.2 40.3 main 15 0 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -10.2 40.3 TD 30 1000 -1 -10.2 40.3 TC 30 8 265
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-12 21:00:00 TS -10.2 39.9 main 0 0 P____________P_ SH022003 -10.2 39.9 TD 28 1001 -1 -10.2 39.9 TC 28 9 270
2002307S07070 2003 87 SI MM ATANG 2002-11-13 00:00:00 TS -10.2 39.4 main 0 O____________O_ jtwc_sh SH022003 -10.2 39.4 TD 25 1002 -1 -10.2 39.4 TC 25 9 270

IBTrACS Databaseについて

本データベースは、米国NOAAが公開する1842年以降の世界の熱帯低気圧のベストトラックデータアーカイブInternational Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)を、ウェブで閲覧しやすい形式に変換したものです。

Data provided by NOAA IBTrACS (International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship), accessed on 2024-12-18