地図

地図上への円の描画:

経路データ

SID SEASON NUMBER BASIN SUBBASIN NAME ISO_TIME NATURE LAT LON WMO_WIND WMO_PRES WMO_AGENCY TRACK_TYPE DIST2LAND LANDFALL IFLAG USA_AGENCY USA_ATCF_ID USA_LAT USA_LON USA_RECORD USA_STATUS USA_WIND USA_PRES USA_SSHS USA_R34_NE USA_R34_SE USA_R34_SW USA_R34_NW USA_R50_NE USA_R50_SE USA_R50_SW USA_R50_NW USA_R64_NE USA_R64_SE USA_R64_SW USA_R64_NW USA_POCI USA_ROCI USA_RMW USA_EYE TOKYO_LAT TOKYO_LON TOKYO_GRADE TOKYO_WIND TOKYO_PRES TOKYO_R50_DIR TOKYO_R50_LONG TOKYO_R50_SHORT TOKYO_R30_DIR TOKYO_R30_LONG TOKYO_R30_SHORT TOKYO_LAND CMA_LAT CMA_LON CMA_CAT CMA_WIND CMA_PRES HKO_LAT HKO_LON HKO_CAT HKO_WIND HKO_PRES NEWDELHI_LAT NEWDELHI_LON NEWDELHI_GRADE NEWDELHI_WIND NEWDELHI_PRES NEWDELHI_CI NEWDELHI_DP NEWDELHI_POCI REUNION_LAT REUNION_LON REUNION_TYPE REUNION_WIND REUNION_PRES REUNION_TNUM REUNION_CI REUNION_RMW REUNION_R34_NE REUNION_R34_SE REUNION_R34_SW REUNION_R34_NW REUNION_R50_NE REUNION_R50_SE REUNION_R50_SW REUNION_R50_NW REUNION_R64_NE REUNION_R64_SE REUNION_R64_SW REUNION_R64_NW BOM_LAT BOM_LON BOM_TYPE BOM_WIND BOM_PRES BOM_TNUM BOM_CI BOM_RMW BOM_R34_NE BOM_R34_SE BOM_R34_SW BOM_R34_NW BOM_R50_NE BOM_R50_SE BOM_R50_SW BOM_R50_NW BOM_R64_NE BOM_R64_SE BOM_R64_SW BOM_R64_NW BOM_ROCI BOM_POCI BOM_EYE BOM_POS_METHOD BOM_PRES_METHOD NADI_LAT NADI_LON NADI_CAT NADI_WIND NADI_PRES WELLINGTON_LAT WELLINGTON_LON WELLINGTON_WIND WELLINGTON_PRES DS824_LAT DS824_LON DS824_STAGE DS824_WIND DS824_PRES TD9636_LAT TD9636_LON TD9636_STAGE TD9636_WIND TD9636_PRES TD9635_LAT TD9635_LON TD9635_WIND TD9635_PRES TD9635_ROCI NEUMANN_LAT NEUMANN_LON NEUMANN_CLASS NEUMANN_WIND NEUMANN_PRES MLC_LAT MLC_LON MLC_CLASS MLC_WIND MLC_PRES USA_GUST BOM_GUST BOM_GUST_PER REUNION_GUST REUNION_GUST_PER USA_SEAHGT USA_SEARAD_NE USA_SEARAD_SE USA_SEARAD_SW USA_SEARAD_NW STORM_SPEED STORM_DIR
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-27 06:00:00 TS 12.2000 -107.900 30 1006 hurdat_epa main 830 827 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 12.2000 -107.900 TD 30 1006 -1 1010 240 60 35 9 297
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-27 09:00:00 TS 12.4027 -108.305 main 837 835 P_____________ EP022008 12.4027 -108.305 TD 32 1005 -1 1010 240 60 9 297
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-27 12:00:00 TS 12.6000 -108.700 35 1005 hurdat_epa main 847 843 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 12.6000 -108.700 TS 35 1005 0 60 60 1010 240 60 45 9 297
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-27 15:00:00 TS 12.7924 -109.085 main 851 847 P_____________ EP022008 12.7924 -109.085 TS 40 1002 0 75 75 1010 240 60 9 297
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-27 18:00:00 TS 13.0000 -109.500 45 1000 hurdat_epa main 856 853 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 13.0000 -109.500 TS 45 1000 0 60 90 90 1010 240 60 55 12 60 60 10 297
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-27 21:00:00 TS 13.2425 -109.985 main 871 862 P_____________ EP022008 13.2425 -109.985 TS 47 998 0 60 90 90 1009 220 60 12 75 75 11 297
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-28 00:00:00 TS 13.5000 -110.500 50 997 hurdat_epa main 881 880 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 13.5000 -110.500 TS 50 997 0 60 90 90 60 30 30 1008 200 60 55 12 60 90 90 11 298
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-28 03:00:00 TS 13.7574 -111.000 main 895 895 P_____________ EP022008 13.7574 -111.000 TS 50 997 0 60 90 90 60 30 30 11 297
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-28 06:00:00 TS 14.0000 -111.500 50 997 hurdat_epa main 917 917 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.0000 -111.500 TS 50 997 0 60 90 90 60 30 30 11 295
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-28 09:00:00 TS 14.2149 -112.008 main 941 941 P_____________ EP022008 14.2149 -112.008 TS 47 998 0 60 90 90 60 11 292
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-28 12:00:00 TS 14.4000 -112.500 45 1000 hurdat_epa main 968 968 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.4000 -112.500 TS 45 1000 0 60 90 90 60 1008 200 60 55 12 180 180 90 90 10 291
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-28 15:00:00 TS 14.5649 -112.965 main 980 977 P_____________ EP022008 14.5649 -112.965 TS 45 1000 0 60 90 90 60 1008 200 60 12 180 180 90 90 9 289
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-28 18:00:00 TS 14.7000 -113.400 45 1000 hurdat_epa main 984 981 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.7000 -113.400 TS 45 1000 0 60 90 90 60 1008 200 60 55 12 180 180 90 90 9 287
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-28 21:00:00 TS 14.8149 -113.808 main 990 988 P_____________ EP022008 14.8149 -113.808 TS 45 1000 0 60 90 90 60 1008 200 60 12 180 180 90 105 8 284
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-29 00:00:00 TS 14.9000 -114.200 45 1000 hurdat_epa main 997 997 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.9000 -114.200 TS 45 1000 0 60 90 90 60 1008 200 60 55 12 180 180 90 120 8 282
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-29 03:00:00 TS 14.9724 -114.600 main 1007 1007 P_____________ EP022008 14.9724 -114.600 TS 45 1000 0 60 90 90 60 1008 200 60 12 180 180 90 120 8 277
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-29 06:00:00 TS 15.0000 -115.000 45 1000 hurdat_epa main 1028 1028 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 15.0000 -115.000 TS 45 1000 0 60 90 90 60 1008 200 60 55 12 180 180 90 120 8 269
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-29 09:00:00 TS 14.9648 -115.385 main 1050 1050 P_____________ EP022008 14.9648 -115.385 TS 47 998 0 60 90 90 60 1008 200 60 12 180 180 90 105 8 263
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-29 12:00:00 TS 14.9000 -115.800 50 997 hurdat_epa main 1082 1082 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.9000 -115.800 TS 50 997 0 60 90 90 60 30 30 1008 200 60 55 12 180 180 90 90 9 262
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-29 15:00:00 TS 14.8424 -116.278 main 1122 1122 P_____________ EP022008 14.8424 -116.278 TS 52 996 0 60 95 95 60 30 40 1008 200 60 12 180 180 90 90 10 264
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-29 18:00:00 TS 14.8000 -116.800 55 995 hurdat_epa main 1154 1154 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.8000 -116.800 TS 55 995 0 60 100 100 60 30 50 1008 200 60 65 12 180 180 90 90 10 267
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-29 21:00:00 TS 14.7849 -117.343 main 1187 1187 P_____________ EP022008 14.7849 -117.343 TS 57 993 0 60 100 100 60 30 50 1008 200 50 12 180 180 90 90 11 270
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-30 00:00:00 TS 14.8000 -117.900 60 992 hurdat_epa main 1229 1229 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.8000 -117.900 TS 60 992 0 60 100 100 60 30 50 30 1008 200 40 75 12 180 180 90 90 11 273
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-30 03:00:00 TS 14.8498 -118.442 main 1265 1264 P_____________ EP022008 14.8498 -118.442 TS 60 992 0 60 100 100 60 30 50 30 1008 200 40 12 195 195 105 105 11 275
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-30 06:00:00 TS 14.9000 -119.000 60 992 hurdat_epa main 1302 1302 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.9000 -119.000 TS 60 992 0 60 100 100 60 30 50 30 1008 200 40 75 12 210 210 120 120 11 273
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-30 09:00:00 TS 14.9149 -119.593 main 1347 1347 P_____________ EP022008 14.9149 -119.593 TS 60 992 0 60 100 100 60 30 50 30 1008 200 40 12 210 210 120 120 12 270
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-30 12:00:00 TS 14.9000 -120.200 60 992 hurdat_epa main 1384 1384 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.9000 -120.200 TS 60 992 0 60 100 100 60 30 50 30 1008 200 40 65 12 210 210 120 120 12 267
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-30 15:00:00 TS 14.8574 -120.808 main 1423 1423 P_____________ EP022008 14.8574 -120.808 TS 60 992 0 60 95 95 60 32 47 32 1008 200 40 12 210 210 120 120 12 265
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-30 18:00:00 TS 14.8000 -121.400 60 992 hurdat_epa main 1473 1473 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.8000 -121.400 TS 60 992 0 60 90 90 60 35 45 35 35 1008 200 40 65 12 210 210 120 120 11 265
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-06-30 21:00:00 TS 14.7499 -121.965 main 1523 1523 P_____________ EP022008 14.7499 -121.965 TS 62 990 0 60 82 82 60 40 45 40 40 1008 200 30 12 210 210 120 120 11 265
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-01 00:00:00 TS 14.7000 -122.500 65 989 hurdat_epa main 1559 1559 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.7000 -122.500 HU 65 989 1 60 75 75 60 45 45 45 45 35 35 35 35 1008 200 20 75 12 210 210 120 120 10 264
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-01 03:00:00 TS 14.6349 -123.023 main 1604 1604 P_____________ EP022008 14.6349 -123.023 HU 65 989 1 60 75 75 60 45 45 45 45 35 35 35 35 1008 200 22 12 225 225 120 150 10 264
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-01 06:00:00 TS 14.6000 -123.500 65 989 hurdat_epa main 1641 1641 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.6000 -123.500 HU 65 989 1 60 75 75 60 45 45 45 45 35 35 35 35 1008 200 25 80 12 240 240 120 180 9 270
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-01 09:00:00 TS 14.6274 -123.922 main 1671 1671 P_____________ EP022008 14.6274 -123.922 HU 65 989 1 67 75 75 67 45 45 45 45 32 32 32 32 1008 200 25 12 210 210 120 180 8 277
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-01 12:00:00 TS 14.7000 -124.300 65 989 hurdat_epa main 1695 1695 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.7000 -124.300 HU 65 989 1 75 75 75 75 45 45 45 45 30 30 30 30 1008 200 25 80 12 180 180 120 180 7 282
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-01 15:00:00 TS 14.7774 -124.665 main 1718 1718 P_____________ EP022008 14.7774 -124.665 HU 62 990 0 82 75 75 82 45 40 40 45 1008 200 22 12 180 180 120 180 7 286
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-01 18:00:00 TS 14.9000 -125.000 60 991 hurdat_epa main 1735 1735 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 14.9000 -125.000 TS 60 991 0 90 75 75 90 45 35 35 45 1008 200 20 75 12 180 180 120 180 7 296
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-01 21:00:00 TS 15.0849 -125.308 main 1744 1744 P_____________ EP022008 15.0849 -125.308 TS 62 989 0 90 75 75 82 45 35 35 45 1008 192 20 12 180 180 120 180 7 305
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-02 00:00:00 TS 15.3000 -125.600 65 988 hurdat_epa main 1755 1755 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 15.3000 -125.600 HU 65 988 1 90 75 75 75 45 35 35 45 25 25 25 25 1008 185 20 75 12 180 180 120 180 7 306
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-02 03:00:00 TS 15.4924 -125.893 main 1766 1762 P_____________ EP022008 15.4924 -125.893 HU 67 986 1 82 75 75 67 45 40 40 40 27 27 27 27 1008 192 22 12 180 180 120 180 7 305
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-02 06:00:00 TS 15.7000 -126.200 70 985 hurdat_epa main 1769 1765 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 15.7000 -126.200 HU 70 985 1 75 75 75 60 45 45 45 35 30 30 30 30 1008 200 25 80 12 180 180 120 180 8 306
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-02 09:00:00 TS 15.9500 -126.557 main 1770 1767 P_____________ EP022008 15.9500 -126.557 HU 67 986 1 67 75 75 60 37 42 42 32 27 27 27 27 1010 225 22 12 180 180 120 180 8 307
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-02 12:00:00 TS 16.2000 -126.900 65 988 hurdat_epa main 1774 1772 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 16.2000 -126.900 HU 65 988 1 60 75 75 60 30 40 40 30 25 25 25 25 1012 250 20 80 12 180 180 120 180 7 309
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-02 15:00:00 TS 16.4149 -127.165 main 1779 1770 P_____________ EP022008 16.4149 -127.165 HU 60 990 0 60 67 67 60 30 35 30 1012 250 20 12 195 180 120 195 6 310
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-02 18:00:00 TS 16.6000 -127.400 55 992 hurdat_epa main 1777 1777 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 16.6000 -127.400 TS 55 992 0 60 60 60 60 30 30 30 1012 250 20 60 12 210 180 120 210 6 306
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-02 21:00:00 TS 16.7575 -127.650 main 1784 1783 P_____________ EP022008 16.7575 -127.650 TS 52 993 0 60 60 60 60 30 30 30 1011 250 22 12 195 180 120 210 6 302
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-03 00:00:00 TS 16.9000 -127.900 50 995 hurdat_epa main 1791 1790 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 16.9000 -127.900 TS 50 995 0 60 60 60 60 30 30 30 1010 250 25 60 12 180 180 120 210 6 303
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-03 03:00:00 TS 17.0649 -128.142 main 1790 1790 P_____________ EP022008 17.0649 -128.142 TS 50 995 0 60 60 60 60 30 30 30 1010 250 25 12 150 150 105 165 6 302
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-03 06:00:00 TS 17.2000 -128.400 50 995 hurdat_epa main 1806 1806 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 17.2000 -128.400 TS 50 995 0 60 60 60 60 30 30 30 1010 250 25 60 12 120 120 90 120 6 292
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-03 09:00:00 TS 17.2725 -128.693 main 1822 1822 P_____________ EP022008 17.2725 -128.693 TS 45 997 0 60 60 60 60 1010 250 25 12 105 105 75 105 6 280
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-03 12:00:00 TS 17.3000 -129.000 40 1000 hurdat_epa main 1846 1846 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 17.3000 -129.000 TS 40 1000 0 60 60 60 60 1010 250 25 50 12 90 90 60 90 6 274
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-03 15:00:00 TS 17.3150 -129.300 main 1870 1870 P_____________ EP022008 17.3150 -129.300 TS 37 1001 0 60 60 60 60 1010 250 25 12 90 90 60 90 6 270
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-03 18:00:00 TS 17.3000 -129.600 35 1002 hurdat_epa main 1894 1894 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 17.3000 -129.600 TS 35 1002 0 60 60 60 60 1010 250 25 45 12 90 90 60 90 6 264
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-03 21:00:00 TS 17.2575 -129.900 main 1918 1918 P_____________ EP022008 17.2575 -129.900 TS 32 1002 -1 1010 250 25 12 90 90 60 90 6 260
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-04 00:00:00 TS 17.2000 -130.200 30 1003 hurdat_epa main 1950 1950 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 17.2000 -130.200 TD 30 1003 -1 1010 250 25 40 12 90 90 60 90 6 259
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-04 03:00:00 TS 17.1499 -130.492 main 1981 1981 P_____________ EP022008 17.1499 -130.492 TD 27 1004 -1 1010 225 30 12 75 75 6 260
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-04 06:00:00 TS 17.1000 -130.800 25 1005 hurdat_epa main 2006 2006 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 17.1000 -130.800 TD 25 1005 -1 1010 200 35 35 12 60 60 6 261
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-04 09:00:00 TS 17.0574 -131.127 main 2031 2031 P_____________ EP022008 17.0574 -131.127 TD 22 1005 -1 7 261
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-04 12:00:00 DS 17.0000 -131.500 20 1006 hurdat_epa main 2071 2071 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 17.0000 -131.500 LO 20 1006 -3 8 260
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-04 15:00:00 DS 16.9150 -131.942 main 2112 2112 P_____________ EP022008 16.9150 -131.942 LO 20 1006 -3 9 257
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-04 18:00:00 DS 16.8000 -132.400 20 1007 hurdat_epa main 2161 2161 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 16.8000 -132.400 LO 20 1007 -3 9 253
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-04 21:00:00 DS 16.6574 -132.807 main 2201 2201 P_____________ EP022008 16.6574 -132.807 LO 20 1007 -3 8 249
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-05 00:00:00 DS 16.5000 -133.200 20 1007 hurdat_epa main 2249 2249 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 16.5000 -133.200 LO 20 1007 -3 8 247
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-05 03:00:00 DS 16.3423 -133.585 main 2270 2231 P_____________ EP022008 16.3423 -133.585 LO 20 1007 -3 8 249
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-05 06:00:00 DS 16.2000 -134.000 20 1007 hurdat_epa main 2231 2191 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 16.2000 -134.000 LO 20 1007 -3 9 253
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-05 09:00:00 DS 16.0774 -134.470 main 2181 2132 P_____________ EP022008 16.0774 -134.470 LO 20 1007 -3 10 258
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-05 12:00:00 DS 16.0000 -135.000 20 1007 hurdat_epa main 2132 2069 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 16.0000 -135.000 LO 20 1007 -3 11 266
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-05 15:00:00 DS 15.9926 -135.600 main 2069 2007 P_____________ EP022008 15.9926 -135.600 LO 20 1007 -3 12 270
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-05 18:00:00 DS 16.0000 -136.200 20 1007 hurdat_epa main 2007 1955 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 16.0000 -136.200 LO 20 1007 -3 11 268
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-05 21:00:00 DS 15.9574 -136.730 main 1955 1906 P_____________ EP022008 15.9574 -136.730 LO 20 1007 -3 10 264
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-06 00:00:00 DS 15.9000 -137.200 20 1007 hurdat_epa main 1906 1865 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 15.9000 -137.200 LO 20 1007 -3 9 263
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-06 03:00:00 DS 15.8476 -137.615 main 1868 1826 P_____________ EP022008 15.8476 -137.615 LO 20 1007 -3 8 263
2008179N12252 2008 32 EP MM BORIS 2008-07-06 06:00:00 DS 15.8000 -138.000 20 1008 hurdat_epa main 1826 O_____________ hurdat_epa EP022008 15.8000 -138.000 LO 20 1008 -3 7 263

IBTrACS Databaseについて

本データベースは、米国NOAAが公開する1842年以降の世界の熱帯低気圧のベストトラックデータアーカイブInternational Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)を、ウェブで閲覧しやすい形式に変換したものです。

Data provided by NOAA IBTrACS (International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship), accessed on 2024-04-23