The Fourth Paradigm is a term that refers to data-intensive science, which is the framework of the fourth scientific research following experimental or observational science, theoretical science, and computational science. The methodology of scientific research, starting from building a database that aggregates large-scale data and obtains new knowledge through data-driven analysis, has been used in many scientific fields and is forming new fields called X-Informatics. This paper gives an overview of the characteristics of X-Informatics and summarizes their strengths and weaknesses based on case studies in several fields. We also discuss the changes in research methods caused by X-Informatics in terms of separation and trust between data providers and analyzers.

      @Article{ jkg21,
      author = {Asanobu KITAMOTO},
      title = {X-Informatics: Change of scientific research by the Fourth Paradigm and the development of data-intensive science},
      journal = {The Journal of Information Science and Technology Association},
      volume = {71},
      number = {6},
      pages = {240-246},
      year = 2021,
      month = 6,
      doi = {10.18919/jkg.71.6_240},
      note = { (in Japanese)},
      }